1. Cultural Policy and Urban Development: Cases in Korea
Jong Youl Lee,
Chad Anderson,
Jiyoung Roh,
Incheon National University

2. From a politics of place to a politics of people
Mayor Lee Myungbak restored Cheonggyecheon and advanced a vision of a Green Seoul
Mayor Oh Sehoon advocated Culturenomics to combine design and development
Left united over program of free school lunches as a local proxy for the creation of a welfare state
Mayor Park Wonsoon took over following Oh Sehoon and rapidly implemented free school lunches while cutting tuition in half at the city university

3. Population Growth
Pooled Data from the 69 urban districts (gu/구) from ten years in the seven metropolitan governments in South Korea:
Seoul
Busan
Daegu
Incheon
Daejeon
Gwangju
Ulsan
Durbin-Watson 2.153
Adjusted R2 0.86

4. Standardized Coefficient T ValueB
Standard Error
Standardized Coefficient
T Value
Constant
15.372
Education Service
14.198
1.538
.296**
9.230
Cultural Facilities
-.209**
-9.891
Senior Citizens
-.189**
-8.054
Welfare Budget
.155**
7.202
Arts and Entertainment Service
32.919
3.455
.332**
9.528
Business Management Service
-2.913
.342
-.305**
-8.525
Hospital Beds
-.311**
Health and Welfare Service
20.507
1.757
.472**
11.675
Information/ Communications
-1.922
.517
-.096**
-3.716
Construction
-1.709
.583
-.099*
-2.932
Transportation
3.048
.605
.093**
5.035

5. Welfare Spending versus Arts and Entertainment
Cultural facilities had a negative relationship with population growth, probably because most are constructed in mature districts with limited capacity for population influx
Welfare spending was positive, with health and social welfare services the strongest relationship with growth
Arts and entertainment services had a stronger relationship

6. Welfare and Culture Politics
Mayor Park Wonsoon was returned to office in Seoul and will continue people-oriented development welfare policies
Most cities have fewer welfare policy options
Smaller Metropolitan Incheon switched parties away from welfare-oriented incumbent to Yoo Jeonbok who promised to renew
stalled development programs

7. Openings for Local Cultural Policy
Innovative efforts continue
Local government has more flexibility
Can pursue a coherent agenda
Broad benefits
Can embrace development of place …
…but also provide economic and development benefits through provision of services similar to older cultural welfare policies
Welfare spending expensive and difficult for local government to control

8. Incheon Nam Gu South District of Incheon; Population 436,000
Three private movie screens in 1997
Incheon Arts Center-April 1994
Media Center-July 2003
Cinespace Juan-April 2007
Thirty private movie screens today

9. Media Center Cinema + Art + Media for the Future (CAMF)
Juan Picture Media Center
French Cultural Center
Nam-gu Haksan Cultural Center

11. Cinespace Juan

12. Incheon Arts Center

13. Anchor for New Development
Surrounded by three department stores
Entertainment district
Major Central Park
’88 Park
Dedicated subway stop

14. Puchon City in Gyeong-gi Province surrounding Seoul Population 868,000
Puchon International Fantastic Film Festival (PIFAN)-July 1997

15. Held for two weeks in July
Started in 1997
Features hundreds of films from dozens of countries
Offering 25,000,000 won for top two prizes
Success generated smaller animation festival