1. Private Shared Mobility
Roadmap for Tamil Nadu

2. Institute for Transportation and Development Policy
PROMOTING SUSTAINABLE & EQUITABLE TRANSPORTATION WORLDWIDE

3. What we do Our sustainable transport agenda Compact Connect Coordinate
Transit Oriented Dev’t
Public Transit
Connect
Coordinate
Compact
Mobility Planning & Data
Travel Demand Mgmt
Walking & Cycling
Shared Mobility

4. Short-term access to mobility services on an ‘as-needed’ basis.
What is Shared Mobility?
Short-term access to mobility services on an ‘as-needed’ basis.
UC-Berkeley. Shaheen.

5. PRIVATE SHARED MOBILITY
More than “Ola-Uber” ICT-enabled services

6. Mobility Modes Public transport Private Shared Mobility
Personal Motor Vehicles
MTC
TNSTC-SETC
Chennai MRTS
Suburban Rail
Chennai Metro
Shared-autos
Shared-vans
Privately run city buses
Company buses
Chartered buses
Auto rickshaws
Cycle rickshaws
Taxi rentals
Radio/App taxis
Car-rental
Car-pooling
Motorcycle-sharing
Personal scooters / motor cycles
Personal cars/jeeps
Personal electric cars
Personal electric scooters/bikes
UC-Berkeley. Shaheen.

7. Private Shared Mobility Modes
Vehicle
Rental
Ride Sharing
With driver
Without driver
Fixed route
Flexible route
Small Motor Vehicles
Motorbikes
Cycle rickshaws
Auto rickshaws
Mini-vans
Cars
Autos/Taxis
On-street
Radio cabs
App-cabs
Car Sharing
One-way
Two-way
Peer-to-peer
Micro-transit
Share-autos
Magic/Maximo
Taxi-sharing
Car-pooling
School vans
Duration rental
Buses & Mini-buses
Pilgrimage buses
Private city buses
UC-Berkeley. Shaheen.
Company buses
School buses
Bicycles
Cycle Rental
Cycle Sharing

8. Is Shared Mobility Sustainable?
The truth is that it is all of these modes versus the car.
The sum of these modes is actually competitive with the car.
Who here only rides transit and NMT? Whio has been in a car in the last week? We need other options until our mobility options are as rich as European ones.
Buying a car is like paying for an all-you-can-eat buffet – you pay upfront and then consume as much as you want. Even shared cars charge per trip, so people are more likely to use vehicles only when necessary, and walk, bike, or use transit when possible.

9. Key Guiding Principles₹
Equitable access for all
Resource optimisation
Safety & Security
Environment-friendliness
Increase the reach of high quality public transport and shared mobility, ensuring that a majority of city residents live within a ten minute walk of formal public transport.
The catchment area is supported with high quality walking and cycling infrastructure, making sustainable modes a more viable means of transport for more citizens.
All transport systems accommodate the needs of women, children, and the elderly.
By investing in modes whose infrastructure and operations costs less per person-km, cities optimize their finances.
Cities develop competitive alternatives for managing use of private vehicles. Fewer vehicles and lesser road space is required to transport more people.
Street design should not compromise the safety of citizens on any transport mode. This is to ensure zero fatalities per year from traffic crashes.
Security of passengers as well as drivers is ensured.
Promoting low pollution modes that consume less fuel or energy per capita helps cities retain their air quality.
They mitigate the negative impacts of motorized transport infrastructure (such as urban sprawl, traffic congestion, oil dependence, climate change, etc.) through managing the demand for road space and travel.

10. Shared mobility has the
Business-as-usual: Vehicle Ownership
Focused on policy

11. VS. VISION for shared mobility 20th Century Model: 21st Century Model:
One vehicle for all trip types.
21st Century Model:
A spectrum of travel modes available for any trip type. The sum of options is greater than the whole.
VS.
What I hear in each session is really ways to decrease vehicle ownership. If you own a car, you drive it. If you fight for parking. It is all in your interest. And as people grow wealthy, they want to drive. How many people in here have been in a car in the last week?
Once people don’t have a sunk investment, they haven’t paid tens of thousands of dollars to cement them in the car ownership circle.
When we look at what we need to do to reduce climate change: it is reduce vehicle ownership.
Share-autos
Car ownership induces driving. Once you invest in a car, you use it. Car ownership is the mobility plan.
Transit, walking & cycle remain core.
No sunk costs. No depreciation.
No ownership-induced travel.
Pay for every kilometer driven.

12. VISION for shared mobility
Services must be integrated
Physical integration
Information integration
Fare integration
This is the only thing I have seen convince even wealthy people to not own a car. They might use uber more, but not all the time.
How do we ensure that this improves more economically, socially, and environmentally sustainable transport?

13. Shared Mobility is highly scalable
Shared mobility modes are replicating quickly around the globe.
As a percentage of total urban transport trips, these modes are still small, but growing fast. How can cities harness this scale-ability, and use it to supplant vehicle ownership?

14. Shared Mobility: Disrupting the Decline in Cycling
Using Shared Mobility to bend the trend
Automobile Use in China
Cycling in China
Introduction of VELIB
Conversion of parking to more bike lanes
Cycling in Paris

15. car-oriented development,
Shared Mobility Vision: Disrupt Vehicle Ownership
Car ownership drives
car-oriented development,
Not welcoming to pedestrians and cyclists,
lack of pedestrian connectivity for easy access to local destinations and transit stations.

16. car-oriented development.
Shared Mobility Vision: Disrupt Vehicle Ownership
Car ownership drives
car-oriented development.
which further drives car ownership and usage.
Not welcoming to pedestrians and cyclists,
lack of pedestrian connectivity for easy access to local destinations and transit stations.

17. Shared Mobility Vision: Disrupt Vehicle Ownership
Shared mobility enables car-free households, which demand dense mixed cities, transit, and NMT.
THE MODEL. NOT IMPOSSIBLE… IT’S BEEN DONE.
Not a CBD. Pretty normal urban conditions
A few miles from the Business center
Along a major arterial corrdor leading to the CBD
Concretization of a few basic principles of integration of urban form with sustainable transportation options.

18. Shared Mobility Vision: Disrupt Vehicle Ownership
Shared mobility enables car-free households, which demand dense mixed cities, transit, and NMT.
Dense mixed cities and alternative mobility encourage car-free households.

19. Integrated Ecosystem
- APTA/SUMC, 2015

20. VISION for shared mobility
Diverse, rich multi-modal network
High-quality transit, walking, and cycling anchor complementary, well-integrated, responsive shared mobility, to provide a highly accessible system that sustainably serves all mobility needs.
Leapfrogging vehicle ownership
All motor vehicle use is priced per kilometer. Instead of 350% vehicle fleet growth by 2050, zero growth.
Better public transport
Bus systems adopt technology and regulations that aggregate demand and enable more flexible, demand-responsive, dependable, well-integrated, cost-effective services.
Abundant cycling
Cycle-sharing makes cycling easy, safe, affordable, and accessible to all
More public space, complete streets, and transit-oriented dev.
Vastly reduced parking demand enables higher density, more public space, and “locking in” sustainable land use that favors walking, cycling, and public transport. It also enables rebalancing roadways toward bike lanes, sidewalks, and transit lanes.

21. Possible Range of Impact on Sustainability
Cities must actively promote societal benefit
Possible Range of Impact on Sustainability

22. Policy Approach Vision- and outcome-driven Proactive Contextual
Craft the conditions that ensure sustainable impacts. Rather than choose solutions in a rapidly changing sector, craft policies that support desired outcomes and a sustainable vision.
Proactive
Quickly shape shared mobility outcomes through proactively policy, rather than wait for historical research on impacts while a service consolidates its market and political power, reducing the ability for regulation to shape outcomes for the public good.
Contextual
Develop policies that respond to local realities, innovations, and possibilities, and adjust them over time. Shared modes, services, technologies and their impacts are always changing, as are their contexts.

23. Role of Policy in Shared Mobility
Shared mobility policy should serve the following objectives:
Promote sustainable outcomes:
Support walking, cycling, public transport, & transit-oriented development
Reduce vehicle-km-travelled, improve equity of access
Promote multi-modal integration
True-cost, polluter-pays, per-trip pricing for unsustainable transport modes.
Protect rights of drivers and passengers
Ensure safety of passenger and drivers

24. Present context & the way forward

25. How Chennai residents travel (2016)
Assumptions based on:
Previous CMP
TNSTC numbers (bus and shared auto %s)
TN RTO registered vehicle numbers
* Paratransit includes share autos and private autos

26. Our transport systems are not keeping up with this growth

27. Commuters are shifting to private modes ...
Chennai mode shares,

28. Tamil Nadu: Shared mobility
T.N. 2016: Estimated use of Shared mobility:
27.3 lakh people (~10% of urban population) [Ref.: Census 2011]
* Could be more due to recent trends, say 30 /33 lakh
Chennai: “Share autos” [excluding mini vans /mini buses]
12,000 share-autos (CPPR-CIVITAS-CCCF study, 2011)
11 round trips per 14 persons per round trip; ~18 lakh ppd
3,500 illegal share-autos [+ 10,000 Tata Magics] (The Hindu, 2013)

29. Tamil Nadu: Road Safety and Pollution
TN: Safety a key issue!
Highest road accidents [2015]:
[6% population; 14% road accidents (69,059)]
2nd highest consequent deaths (15,642)
Highest consequent injuries (34,000)
Chennai: Highest proportion of “Severe” pollution days (especially So2 & Co) based on AQI survey

30. The Alternatives Before Us

31. Shared mobility in Tamil Nadu
Transport Department: Policy Note Hon’ble CM’s “Vision for Tamil Nadu 2023”
Make Tamil Nadu as most prosperous and progressive state with no poverty and where its people enjoy all the basic services of a Modern Society and live in harmonious engagement with the environment and with the rest of the world.
Mobility – a reliable indicator of development
Increased transport efficiency = productivity gains
Accessibility: ultimate goal of transportation
Safety emphasised
Various measures to promote STUs

32. TAMIL NADU: What to do? Reduce number of private vehicles:
Without adversely affecting; actually enhancing mobility!
Have more people in less vehicles:
To lessen single purpose vehicles
To lessen solo use vehicles
To lessen vehicles on idle time
Minimise need to buy and use personal motor vehicles

33. PSM Issues: Informality hazards
Perverse incentive!?

34. This is not what is intended by “more people in less vehicles”
PSM Issues: Fight? Compete? Complement?
versus
This is not what is intended by “more people in less vehicles”

35. PSM Issues: Accountability?
Market players adopting unfair practices?
Security of women, children, elderly?
Transparency, accessibility – for all users?
Does Pay-as-per-use principle fully apply?
Does PSM pay for externalities it causes?
Is sustainability duly incentivised?
Surge-pricing really demand-responsive?
Can the customer know /decide?

36. PSM policy: Secure twin objectives
Regulate all PSM options
In public interest
In keeping with principles of equity, environmental sensitivity, efficiency, enhanced safety
Encourage PSM options that are yet to gain ground
Remove impediments
Offer overall certainty of a long-term policy

37. Possible steps Regularise, harmonise IPT permits, No zoning-out
Deregulate fares – almost
“Combo-permits” for non-commercial vehicles plus
Be flexible – single permit, no restriction on ride types..? Possible?
Allow courier services across the board; goods services with conditions
Tax the service and value-adds. Charge negative externalities [App. 50k crore market]

38. Possible steps (contd. 2)
Multi-lingual & multi-platform services – a must.
Require full transparency and consent (not just information) regarding fares including surge pricing
Flexibility: multiple permits?
Reward services based on their “sustainability quotient” -- concessions in taxes, other levies, parking charges etc. -- for higher occupancy, NTVs becoming TVs, used cars, women drivers..
Incentivise PSM to complement PT

39. Possible steps (contd. 3)
Levelled playing field as far as possible; with reasonable exceptions
-- driver training across the board
-- safety apps depending on technology platform
Make insurance mandatory for drivers; optional for customers
Make technology-enabled aggregation compulsory for all PSM except fixed-route “shared autos /buses”
Define outcomes

40. Possible steps (contd. 4)
Assign sustainability targets to PSM services based on city /state goals with due regard to measurability
Use a comprehensive /dynamic public database to track progress ; also auto-receive /track feedback /complaints and action taken
Mix of measures: PT first& foremost; PMVs be fully accountable for resources used, -ve effects caused including due to parking!

41. TN MV Rules: Amendments needed
Chapter I: Definitions
Chapter IV & V: Registration of motor vehicles, Inspection etc., Carriage permits (charges, penalties) Driver-related aspects (training, insurance), Fare, Stopping places for stage carriage, Canvassing
Chapter VII /VIII: Equipment of motor vehicles, Signs, Meters, Wearing protective gear
Chapter IX: Insurance, Refunds, Service charges
Other related Acts: Special Provision, Taxation, Workers (work hours), Highway Act

42. Discussion – Suggestions, Questions etc. ..