1. Jamestown First permanent colony created in the New World.
Initially unsuccessful, but then grew tobacco, rice and indigo to send back to England.
Led to more colonies being built to produce agricultural products.
Maryland (1632)
Carolina (1663- divided in 1712)
Georgia 1733

2. THOUGHT QUESTION WHO SHOULD HELP THOSE WHO CANNOT HELP THEMSELVES?
DOES IT MAKE A DIFFERENCE IF THE PERSON CANNOT OR WILL NOT HELP THEMSELVES?

3. Gin Lane

4. The Founding of Georgia
The 13th Colony

5. The French
Primary focus was on the fur trade.
The Spanish
Wanted God, Gold, and Glory.
The English (British)
Wanted to pursue colonization to support mercantilism.

6. James Oglethorpe
Considered to be the founder of Georgia. Member of the British Parliament Wanted to reform British prisons.

7. Why did English prisons need reform?
Unemployment severe in England
People owed money - debts
Debtors (and their families) put in prison
Horrible prison conditions

8. Why did English prisons need reform?
What barbarity can be greater than for gaolers (without provocation) to load prisoners with irons, and thrust them into dungeons, and manacle them, and deny their friends to visit them, and force them to pay excessive fines for their chamber rent, their victuals and drinks; to open their letters and seize the charity that is sent to them! And when debtors have succeeded in arranging with their creditors, hundreds are detained in prison for chamber-rent and other unjust demands put forward by their gaolers, so that at last, in their despair, many are driven to commit suicide... gaolers should be paid a fixed salary and forbidden, under pain of instant dismissal, to accept bribe, fee or reward of any kind... law of imprisonment for debts inflicts a greater loss on the country…; England … shows mercy to murderers and robbers, but of poor debtors impossibilities are demanded... Manchester Times, 22 October 1862[3]

9. James Oglethorpe wanted to help because his friend, Robert Castell, died of smallpox in prison. Castell had been sent to prison because he could not pay his debts.

10. (King George I) because
King George II
He disliked his father
(King George I) because
he had imprisoned his
mother.
He fought and defeated
a threat to take his
crown in 1746.

11. King George II
He named one
colony, South Carolina,
after his dominating
wife, Caroline.
His only son, Frederick,
died in Thus,
his young grandson,
George III, would be
King when he died.

12. King George II
Known by many as
stupid and mean. He
fussed at those who
asked him to do any
work.
He left his wife in
charge of the kingdom
as he had numerous
affairs with other
women.

13. King George II & The Charter of 1732
Georgia was created by a charter- written permission from the King to settle land
Oglethorpe and John Percival were given a charter to create Georgia
Georgia named after King George II
Colony: a settlement in a new land but still has ties to the home country.
Charter signed June 20, 1732
Charter set up boundaries & limited power of officials

14. Georgia’s three purposes
1. Charity – Get rid of poverty and unemployment
2. Economics – Increase Britain's trade and wealth-Wanted to plant Mulberry trees to make silk to send back to England to make fancy clothes
3. Defense – Georgia would be a buffer colony to protect South Carolina from attack by the Spanish in Florida.

15. Georgia’s Four Banned Groups
1. Blacks- not allowed because the settlers might get lazy if others did all of the work
2. Liquor Dealers- so the colonists wouldn’t drink and get lazy
3. Lawyers- so settlers would be forced to settle their differences by themselves
4. Catholics- so the colony would be a safe place for protestants.

16. Religion – Home for Protestants being persecuted in England
Unofficial Purpose
Religion – Home for Protestants being persecuted in England
Catholics were not allowed- WHY?

17. Georgia’s Boundaries
Georgia was in between the Altamaha and Savannah River. Continues to the west coast (California).
Boundaries:
North: Savannah R
South: Altamaha R
East: Atlantic Ocean
West: Pacific Ocean

18. The Charter Georgia was a Trustee Colony
Oglethorpe and 20 other British gentlemen would run the colony for 21 years (21 for 21)

19. The Charter Rules for the Trustees They would not be paid
They could not receive any of the land in Georgia
They could not hold public office

20. Oglethorpe’s Plan to keep Georgia as a Model Society.
Banned Slavery (thought it would make colonists lazy.)
Banned Liquor/Rum (beer and wine were ok, even for children, because of unhealthy water quality. Again, the fear was that hard liquor would make colonists lazy.)
Did not allow lawyers or Catholics
Largest farms could only be 500 acres

21. Oglethorpe’s Plan to keep Georgia as a Model Society.
Colonists were required to defend the colony.
Colonists had to grow mulberry trees (for silkworms).
Colonists could not sell their land.
Land could not be passed to female heirs.
They had to obey all of the Trustee’s rules.

22. Daily life in Georgia

23. Exit/Review Questions
1. Why did James Oglethorpe want to create Georgia?
2. What are the three reasons and the one unofficial reason for the creation of Georgia?
3. What is a buffer?
4. What religious group could you not be apart of to live in Georgia?
5. How far did the original western border of Georgia stretch to?

24. If you were Oglethorpe Take out a clean sheet of paper
Write a sentence or two answering:
What would be the first thing you would do in establishing a new colony in an unsettled land?

25. The first colonists 35 families selected No debtors selected
Farmers, carpenters, tailors, bakers, merchants and trade people
Families received free land, weapons, tools and had to live under trustee rules

26. Remember the Colonist’s Rules:
1. restriction on land and inheritance (land belonged only to men)
2. No slavery
3. No rum and hard liquors
4. Must defend the colony against all enemies.
5. Obey all rules and regulations the Trustees set up.

27. Arrival of The Ann
The First Colonists sailed to Georgia on Nov 1732, Oglethorpe and 114 settlers sail on the ship the Ann (also spelled Anne)
February 12, Colonists arrive at Yamacraw Bluff- and met the Yamacraw Indians who lived there.

28. Tomochichi Chief of the Yamacraw Indians
Georgia Day
Chief of the Yamacraw Indians
Welcomed Oglethorpe and English
Allowed them to build town-Indians wanted to trade with English
Wouldn’t have to travel to South Carolina to trade

30. Tomochichi

31. MARY MUSGROVE One of the most important people in Georgia History
She was half Indian(mother)/half English(father)
She served as translator for Chief Tomochichi & Oglethorpe
Georgia colony built near John & Mary Musgrove’s trading post

32. Oglethorpe and Tomochichi
Tomochichi and several Indian representatives journeyed to England with Oglethorpe to meet George II.
They made a very good impression on the English.

33. Oglethorpe and Tomochichi

34. Georgia’s First Settlement
Settlement was named Savannah after the river.
Located on Yamacraw Bluff
It was laid out in a series of squares
It was the first planned city in America

38. Disease and Hardship Heat and disease hurt the colonists
Caught dysentery from the Savannah River
The only Doctor died two months after the colony started (April of 1733)
first year, 25% of the colonists died from the hardships

39. Exit Questions 1. What is a trustee?
2. What kinds of people came to Georgia?
3. Were any debtors sent to the colonies?
4. Why did Tomochichi allow the English to settle?
5. What role did Mary Mugrove play in Georgia’s settlement?

41. Why did Chief Tomochichi allow Oglethorpe to settle on Yamacraw Bluff?
READ & PUT INTO YOUR OWN WORDS: The Yamacraw Indians had become dependent on English goods and they had to travel to the South Carolina colony to get them. If a new English colony was built, it would be closer for the Yamacraws to trade.

42. Others allowed into the Georgia Colony
Peaceful and hard working
German-speaking Protestants from Austria
George II felt sorry for them because they were being persecuted by Catholics
Allowed them to come to colony
Strictly anti-slavery and loyal to the Trustees
Only ones to make silk production successful
The Salzburgers

43. Others allowed into the Georgia Colony
The Highland Scots
Brought by James Oglethorpe
Reputation for being some of the best soldiers in the world.
Given land near the abandoned Fort King George. Created the town of Darien.
Anti-slavery
Valued hard work
Fought for the colony against the Spanish in the Battle of Bloody Marsh.

44. Others allowed into the Georgia Colony
Portuguese Jews
Oglethorpe allowed them in.
One was a doctor who was given credit for saving the colony.

45. Problems start The Malcontents
As soon as colonists arrived, some started complaining about the Trustee rules.
Many of these “Malcontents” had paid their own way.
They were angry about the limits on
Land rights
Rum
Slavery
In 1751, the Trustees changed the rules on land and slavery.

46. Defending the Colony- WAR
England declared war on Spain after the Battle of Jenkin’s Ear.
Oglethorpe and the colonists, with help from the Highland Scots, attacked St. Augustine, then retreated.

47. Defending the Colony- WAR
The Spanish attacked St. Simon’s island, but were defeated at the Battle of Bloody Marsh.
The Spanish withdrew and gave up attempts to attack the colony.

48. Oglethorpe returned to England in 1743 and never returned to the colony.

49. Slaves were now allowed in Georgia.

50. The Royal Period
Trustees returned the colony to the King one year early.
They had been frustrated over the Malcontents, lack of success with growing silk and grapes for wine, and that the colony had not built an ideal society.

51. The Royal Period- 3 Governors
John Reynolds- poor governor, left after 2 years

52. The Royal Period- 3 Governors
Henry Ellis- brought more self-government to Georgia but had to return to England after 3 years due to poor health.
Thought Georgia might be the hottest place on Earth.

53. The Royal Period- 3 Governors
James Wright- popular governor who ran the colony from1760 to 1776, then from 1779 to 1782.
Increased Georgia’s boundaries by adding Indian land.
Stayed loyal to England during the Revolution.

54. Summary In Oglethorpe’s voice, write a paragraph justifying why he no longer wants to manage the Georgia Colony and now wants to turn it back to the king.