1. Reflection
Prof. George Themistocles Zafiropoulos FRCS(Eq), MD(Orth), MPhil, FAcadMEd
Professor in Education of Clinical Orthopaedics
University of South Wales
Consultant Orthopaedic Surgeon

2. Do professionals reflect?
Nurses
Therapists
Doctors
Architects
etc.

4. Learning
“Know thyself”
Plato

5. Aims
To discuss educational issues in continuing practice of reflection

6. Merits and Drawbacks
Merits
Drawbacks

7. Merits and Drawbacks Merits Drawbacks Self awareness
Increase learning opportunities
Improvement professional development
Identify shortfalls
Value good practice
Improves reputation/public confidence
Patient safety
Drawbacks
Time limit
Disturb routine
Bureaucracy
Fear of self-awareness
Self-criticism??

8. Reflective Practice of Health workers Similarities/Differences

9. Reflective Practice of Health workers Similarities/Differences
Keep portfolio/diary
Mentor/Trusted colleague
Review critical incidents
Differences
Education:
Nurses/Social workers => Experiential Education
Doctors=> Technocratic Education
Reflection:
Authentic Experiential Reflection
Intellectual Reflection

10. Reflection Reflecting alone Identify an incident
Write down what it was intended to happen
Write down what actually happened
Write down your feelings about the taken approach
Why this approach was taken?
Could it be different?
How this can be done differently?
Repeat reflection

11. Multidisciplinary Teams
Group analysis of
Review of critical incidents
Patient treatment
Communication skills

12. Reflection Reflecting with colleagues Choose an episode
Ask a trusted colleague to listen and write down three strengths and three weaknesses
Take time to reflect and write down yourself about three strengths and three weaknesses
Discuss with colleague the results of both lists and focus on the improvement of your practice

14. Reflection
On-action
In-action

15. Models

16. Models

17. Models

18. Models

22. Reflection practice

23. Remember
Reflection is a spiral

24. Reflection Reflect deeply Keep a reflective journal Re-visit it
Following of any episode which you analysed and with any of the methods
Re-visit it
This is reinforcing your cognition and it is helping you to understand yourselves and so do self-assessment
Reflect deeply

25. Remember Different people see the same thing in different ways
The same event can be conceived differently by the same person depending on the circumstances
The circumstances maybe explained differently by the same person at different times
Emotions guide decisions
Different status people rely on different influences on their knowledge and work their cognition using different ways