1. Chapter 5 “Energy & Energy Resources”

2. Lesson 1: What is Energy?
The ability to cause a change or the capacity to do work is called what?
ENERGY

3. There are two kinds of energy & they are what?
KINETIC & POTENTIAL ENERGY
The energy of motion is called____________ energy, it increases when velocity increases. Energy that is stored & held in readiness is called ____________ energy.
KINETIC
POTENTIAL

4. Types of Energy Kinetic Energy Potential Energy
STANDING WITH YOUR ARMS STARIGHT UP
DOING JUMPING JACKS
SITTING IN A CHAIR
SITTING ON A ROLLAR COASTER AT THE TOP OF HILL
HOLDING AN ARROW IN A BOW
DUNKING A BASKETBALL
RUNNING IN A MARATHON
WALKING THROUGH THE HALLS AT SCHOOL
LAYING ON A SOFA WATCHING TV

5. The amount of work an object can do because of the object’s kinetic & potential energies usually associated with motion or position of an object is called what?
MECHANICAL ENERGY

6. If Force is measured in Newton’s; what is Energy measured in then?
JOULES (J)
When weight is measured in Newton’s & height is measured in meters, the unit of energy is the Newton-Meter or the Joule (J).

7. Energy that is made up small particles, called atoms & molecules; the faster the movement of particles the warmer it becomes; this is what kind of energy?
THERMAL ENERGY

8. Energy that is potential energy stored in chemical bonds that hold chemical bonds together is called what?
CHEMICAL ENERGY

9. Kinetic Energy that is moving electric charges that produce electricity is called what?
ELECTRICAL ENERGY

10. A disturbance that travels through a medium as a longitudinal wave & carries energy is called what?
SOUND ENERGY OR A
SOUND WAVE

11. LIGHT (ELECTROMAGNETIC OR
Energy that travels in waves such as visible light, ultraviolet radiation, microwaves & infrared radiation are called what?
LIGHT (ELECTROMAGNETIC OR
RADIANT) ENERGY

12. Energy stored in the nucleus of a atom & released during nuclear reactions is called what?
NUCLEAR ENERGY

13. What renewable resource uses thermal energy from Earth’s interior & produces almost no pollution?
GEOTHERMAL ENERGY

14. What renewable resource uses energy from flowing water to produce electricity within a turbine is called what?
HYDROELECTRIC ENERGY

15. In your science notebook write… What do you think energy conversion (transfer) means? Give three examples of energy transformation.

16. Lesson 2: Energy Conversions
A change from one form of energy to another is called what?
ENERGY TRANSORMATION OR CONVERSION
“Most forms of energy can be converted into other forms of energy.”

17. There are two kinds of Potential Energy and they are what?
ELASTIC POTENTIAL ENERGY & GRAVITATIONAL POTENTIAL ENERGY
ELASTIC ENERGY FROM
THE BOW
GRAVITATIONAL ENERGY FROM LIFTING SOMETHING OFF
THE GROUND

18. There are many ways Energy can be converted…
1. CHEMICAL ENERGY
when you eat (chemical to mechanical)
Photosynthesis (light to chemical)
2. ELECTRICAL ENERGY
alarm clock (light & sound energy)
light bulb (light & thermal energy)
3. ENERGY & MACHINES
Riding a bike (chemical to mechanical & potential to kinetic)

19. Types of Energy
Chemical
Thermal
Electrical
Light
Sound
Nuclear
Energy can be transferred from one from of energy to an other. How many different energies can be used in each picture? Which one has no energy transformation?
X (if it’s a gas stove) X X X X X X X X X X X X X X

20. Lesson 3: Conversion of Energy
The force that one surface exerts on another when the two rub against each is called what?
FRICTION
The strength of the force of friction depends on two factors: the types of surfaces & how hard the surfaces push together.

21. More Friction = More Resistance & More Heat Less Friction = Less Resistance & Less Heat

22. There are four different kinds of friction…
STATIC
__________ prevents surfaces from sliding past each other. When solid surfaces slide over each other, the kind of friction that occurs is called ___________. When an object rolls over a surface, the kind of friction that occurs is called __________. The force need to overcome this friction is much less than the force needed to overcome sliding friction. The last kind occurs when an object moves through a liquid which is called _________.
SLIDING
ROLLING
FLUID

23. FLUID FRICTION
SLIDING FRICTION
ROLLING FRICTION
STATIC FRICTION

24. Making Conversions More Efficient…
ENERGY CONVERSIONS THAT ARE MORE EFFICIENT END UP WASTING LESS ENERGY (AERODYNAMICS)

25. Chapter 6 “Heat & Heat Technology”

26. Scientists use Kelvins (K),
Lesson 1: Temperature
The measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in a material is called what?
TEMPERATURE
Scientists use Kelvins (K),
Fahrenheit (°F) &
Celsius (°C).

27. Three Temperature Scales
Fahrenheit
Celsius
Kelvin
Water Boils
212°
100°
373 K
Body Temperature
98.6°
37°
310 K
Room Temperature
68°
20°
293 K
Water Freezes
32° 0°
273 K

28. An increase in the size of a substance in response to an increase in the temperature of the substance is known as what?
THERMAL EXPANSION

29. The temperature at which molecular energy is at a minimum (0 on the Kelvin scale or °C on the Celsius scale) is known as what?
ABSOLUTE ZERO

31. Lesson 2: What is Heat?
The movement of thermal energy from a region of higher temperature to a region of lower temperature is called what?

32. Energy that is made up small particles, called atoms & molecules; the faster the movement of particles the warmer it becomes; this is what kind of energy?
THERMAL ENERGY

33. The transfer of energy as heat through material is known as what?
THERMAL CONDUCTION

35. A material through which energy can be transferred as heat is what?
THERMAL CONDUCTOR
METALS (COPPER & IRON)

36. A material that reduces or prevents the transfer of heat is called what?
THERMAL INSULATOR

38. The transfer of thermal energy by the movement of the particles from one part of a material to another is called what?
CONVECTION

39. What is the transfer of thermal energy by collisions between particles in matter?
CONDUCTION
The transfer of thermal energy by electromagnetic waves is called what?
RADIATION

41. The quantity of heat required to raise a unit mass of homogeneous material (the same) 1 K or 1°C in a specified way given constant pressure & volume is what?
SPECIFIC
HEAT (MELTING POINT)

42. Lesson 3: Matter & Heat
The states of matter are the physical forms in which a substance can exist. They are Solids, Liquids or Gases.

43. There are Three States of Matter…
Solids, Liquids & Gas
A ________ has a definite volume & definite shape. Unlike a solid, a ________ has no shape of its own.
Not at all like solids & liquids, a _____ can change volume very easily because it has neither shape or volume.
SOLID
LIQUID
GAS

44. Another State of Matter is called __________
Another State of Matter is called __________. Electricity, fire & lightning are an examples.
PLASMA

45. (Examples include: freezing, melting, boiling & condensing)
The change of a substance from one physical state to another is called?
A CHANGE IN STATE
(Examples include: freezing, melting, boiling & condensing)

46. The change in state from a solid to a liquid is called what
The change in state from a solid to a liquid is called what? The change of a state from a liquid to a solid is called what?
“I’M
MELTING!”
MELTING
FREEZING

47. The opposite of vaporization; where gas particles lose enough thermal energy to become a liquid is called?
CONDENSATION

48. The change from liquid water into water vapor is called what
The change from liquid water into water vapor is called what? There are two kinds of vaporization and they are what?
VAPORIZATION
EVAPORATION &
BOILING (100°C/212°F)

49. Dry Ice is an Example of Sublimation
This occurs when the surface particles of a solid gain enough energy to become a gas.
SUBLIMATION
Dry Ice is an Example of Sublimation

50. How do you measure how many Calories of energy are in a certain amount of food? Because the Calorie is a measure of energy, it is also a measure of heat. A calorimeter is a device that measures heat.