1. Hinduism and Buddhism Develop
Chapter 3 Section 2
Mr. Schabo

2. Hinduism Evolves Over Centuries
Cannot be traced to one founder
Collections of beliefs that developed slowly over time
Hindus see religion as a means of liberating the soul from illusions, disappointments, and mistakes in everyday life.
Moksha—A state of perfect understanding of all things.

3. But it had to start somewhere sometime . . .
Between 750 and 550 B.C. Hindu teachers tried to explain the hidden meanings in the Vedic hymns.
These commentaries were written down in the Upanishads.

4. What are the main ideas?
A person must seek to understand the relationship between the personal soul (atman) and the universal soul (Brahman). Only then can they achieve understanding and be released from the endless cycle of life and death (moksha).
This understanding CANNOT be achieved in one lifetime.

5. So then, how can one achieve it?
It requires rebirth (reincarnation)—again and again until moksha is achieved.
A soul’s good and bad deeds (karma) determine the circumstances into which one is reborn—health, wealth, caste, poverty, etc.

6. The 3 Main Hindu Gods Brahman the Creator Shiva the Destroyer
Brahman the Creator
Shiva the Destroyer
Vishnu the Protector

7. Hindus today are free to worship any deity they choose
Hindus today are free to worship any deity they choose. They also have 3 paths to seek moksha.
Right Thinking
Religious Devotion
Right Action

8. Why is Hinduism important in the historical development of India?
Ideas about karma and reincarnation strengthened the caste system in India. People born into the upper castes were said to have good karma; those born into the lower castes had to have bad karma.

9. REVIEW BREAK!!! Discuss with a partner next to you and list 3 facts about Hinduism that you DID NOT know before today. I will call on students randomly to give their responses: you can list them on the bottom of your notes…

10. Jainism Founded by Mahavira, who lived from 599 B.C. to 527 B.C.
Founded by Mahavira, who lived from 599 B.C. to 527 B.C.
Believed everything in the universe has a soul, and therefore should not be harmed.
Jains carry nonviolence to the extreme.
They preach tolerance for all religions.
Most are industrious, wealthy businessmen.

11. The Buddha Seeks Enlightenment
Founded by Siddhartha Gautama
563—483 B.C.
Born into a noble family in Kapilavastu, in the foothills of the Himalayas in Nepal.
Led a sheltered life in the palace until the age of 29.
He ventured forth into the world.

12. What Siddhartha saw . . . A sick man. A corpse being burned.
A corpse being burned.
An old man.
A holy man who seemed to be at peace with himself.

13. - Siddhartha understood these events to mean that every living thing experiences old age, sickness, and death and that only a religious life offers a refuge from this inevitable suffering. - Siddhartha decided to spend his life searching for religious truth and an end to life’s suffering. So, soon after learning of his son’s birth, he left the palace.

14. - For six years he wandered the forests of India, debating, meditating, practicing the mortification of the flesh. - None of these methods revealed the truth. - Finally, he sat under a fig tree for 49 days and reached a state of enlightenment (nirvana). - He understood the cause of suffering and how to ease it.

15. He became the “Buddha,” the enlightened one.

16. The Four Noble Truths
First Noble Truth - Life is filled with suffering and sorrow.
Second Noble Truth - The cause of all suffering is people’s selfish desire for the temporary pleasures of this world.
Third Noble Truth - The way to end all suffering is to end all desires.
Fourth Noble Truth - The way to overcome such desires and attain enlightenment is to follow the Eightfold Path, which is called the Middle Way between desires and self-denial.

17. http://karmadungyu. blogspot

18. Practical Outcomes
The Buddha accepted reincarnation, but rejected the caste system.
Gained a large following among craftsmen and laborers.
The Five Disciples who heard the Buddha’s first sermon formed the sangha, or Buddhist religious order. Women were admitted to the order, but were considered a distraction.
Dharma is Buddhist doctrine.
The teachings of the Buddha were written down after Siddhartha’s death.

19. Outcomes (continued)
Following his death, the Buddha’s followers spread his faith throughout much of Asia. Oddly enough, it never caught on in most of India, where it originated.
Buddhism was spread by traders as well as missionaries. It was carried to Burma, Thailand, China, Korea, and Japan.
Today Buddhism is the fourth largest religion in the world behind Christianity, Islam, & Hinduism.