1. AN OCEAN WORLD .

3. GENERAL INFORMATION About 71% of Earth’s surface is ocean
Covers 71% of the earth’s surface
Average depth of 3800 meters
Major ocean basins
Atlantic
Pacific
Arctic
Indian
Southern

4. GENERAL INFORMATION The oceans affect every aspect of life on Earth.
Scientists believe, and there is a lot of evidence showing, that life may have begun in the oceans.

5. Water And Water Vapor The Sun stripped away Earth’s first atmosphere
How did water and water vapor form on early Earth?
The Sun stripped away Earth’s first atmosphere
Gases, including water vapor, released by the process of outgassing, replaced the first atmosphere.
Water vapor in the atmosphere condensed into clouds.
After millions of years, the clouds cooled enough for water droplets to form.
Hot rain fell and boiled back into the clouds.
Eventually, the surface cooled enough for water to collect in basins.

6. PACIFIC ATLANTIC ½ total ocean area 1/3 earth’s surface
Circular shaped
Deepest trench-Marianas Trench
Edges are irregular
Many chains of active volcanoes…..”ring of fire”
Many islands
Vasco Balboa credited with discover
Narrow/ S shaped
Relatively shallow
Mid Atlantic Ridge extends entire length
Few Islands- largest is Greenland
Romans named this ocean

7. INDIAN ARCTIC Confined to Southern Hemisphere except northern tip
Shaped like a large triangle
Apex- India
Base- Antarctica
Earliest mariners were Egyptians
Shallow and small
Separated from Atlantic by a ridge
Surface covered by sea ice
North Pole in its domain
Least studied- inhospitable weather and permanent ice pack

9. TO KNOW Atlantic Ocean North America Pacific Ocean South America
Indian Ocean
Arctic Ocean
Southern Ocean
Caribbean Sea
Mediterranean Sea
Gulf of Mexico
Arabian Sea
Hudson Bay
North America
South America
Africa
Europe
Asia
Australia

10. Hemispheric Symmetry Equator is physical barrier.
Divides current patterns.
Divides life zones.
Curvature of the earth causes more heat at the equator.
Northern Hemisphere- mostly land.
Southern Hemisphere-mostly water.

11. Global Wind Patterns
To view this animation, click “View” and then “Slide Show” on the top navigation bar.

12. http://videos. howstuffworks

13. A BRIEF HISTORY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
The origins of marine science lie in voyaging. Technological advances have led to modern oceanography.
Modern marine science research is usually conducted by teams of specialists working for oceanographic or military institutions.
The tools of modern oceanography include satellites, piloted and remotely controlled vehicles, and computer modeling.

14. VOYAGING BEGINS
Voyaging on water was important to many early civilizations. The Egyptians, Cretans and Phoenicians were all skilled sailors.
Voyaging was first done to find new land and trade routes. Voyaging for science didn’t come until later.
Cartographers, or chart makers, recorded information about locations, landmarks and currents.
Today, charts are detailed graphic representations of water and water-related information.

15. 1ST SCIENTIFIC EXPEDITIONS
Some past explorers did minimal scientific sampling.
The British Challenger expedition of was the first oceanic expedition dedicated to scientific research.
The United States Exploring Expedition launched in 1838 was a naval and scientific expedition.
The HMS Beagle, on which Charles Darwin served as a naturalist, voyaged to South America and some Pacific Islands.

16. SCIENCE VOYAGES – 20TH CENTURY What advances in oceanic exploration occurred in the twentieth century?
Polar Exploration- explorers reached both the North and South poles in the twentieth century
The Meteor Expedition- the first expedition to use modern optical and electronic equipment for oceanographic investigation
The Atlantis –investigations by scientists on this research vessel confirmed the presence of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge.
The Trieste – a blimp-like bathyscaphe which descended into the Challenger Deep area of the Mariana Trench
Glomar Challenger –samples obtained by scientists on this drilling ship provided confirming evidence for seafloor spreading and plate tectonics.