1. Unit 1: Colonial America and the American Revolution

2. A Brief History of the Americas
15,000 – 30,000 Years Ago – Bering Strait
1400s – 100 million Native Americans – Diverse, Complex Societies
- 10 million in US – 50 Tribes

3. Brief History Continued
1492 – Columbus – begin European colonization
Reasons for Colonization – God, Gold, Glory
Spain – South America, Central America,
- St. Augustine, Florida
England – Jamestown, VA – 1607
- Massachusetts – 1620
- Maryland – 1634
France – Quebec – 1608
Netherlands – New York – 1625
Sweden – Delaware – 1638

4. By the 1750s:
- Spanish-South America + Southwest US + Florida
- French – Canada, Great Lakes, Mississippi Valley - Fur Trade
- British – Eastern Coast and Population
- Native – 10% Original Population
1754 – 1763 – French and Indian War

5. Northern Colonies Middle Colonies Southern Colonies
(MA, CT, RI, NH) (NY, PA, NJ, DE) (VA,MD,SC,NC,GE)

6. Northern Colonies Middle Colonies Southern Colonies
(MA, CT, RI, NH) (NY, PA, NJ, DE) (VA,MD,SC,NC,GE)

7. The Road to Revolution Mercantilism and the Navigation Acts – 1600s
Salutary Neglect – No enforcement – political and economic freedom for the colonies
1754 – 1763 – French and Indian War
Results: British Won – Anger at Colonists and Debt

8. The New British Policies
Proclamation of 1763 – Colonists cannot move beyond the Appalachian Mountains
Sugar Act – 1764 – Colonists must pay taxes on all sugar products, British Navy will stop smuggling
Quartering Act – 1765 – Colonists must provide food and shelter for British troops in the colonies
Stamp Act – 1765 – Colonists must buy a stamp for all printed materials

9. The Colonists React Stamp Act Congress – 9 Colonies
“No Taxation without Representation” – Rights of Englishmen
Boycott all British Goods
Sons of Liberty + Violent Resistance

10. Reaction Continued 1766 – Stamp Act Repealed
Declaratory Act – “… in all cases whatsoever”
1767 – Townshend Acts – Glass, Lead, Paper, Paint, Tea
Colonial Response:
Boycott Resumes – Boston, New York, Philadelphia
Virginia Resolves – Patrick Henry – “Give me Liberty or give me death” - nonimportation law
British Response:
House of Burgesses (VA) and MA Legislatures
British Troops

11. The Violence Begins - Committees of Correspondence March 5, 1770-
Boston Massacre
– 5 Americans killed
– Propaganda + Repeal
- Committees of Correspondence
– Tea Act
- Boston Tea Party
1774 – Coercive/Intolerable Acts

12. First Continental Congress – Petition to King, Boycott, Militias
April 1775 – Lexington and Concord – 700 British Troops – Paul Revere – ‘Shot Heard Round the World’
June 1775 –Second Continental Congress

13. Declaring Independence
- Battle of Bunker Hill
- Olive Branch Petition – July 1775
- Prohibitory Act - December 1775
– No Trade – Closed all ports
- Common Sense by Thomas Paine
“Everything that is right or reasonable pleas for separation. The blood of the slain, the weeping voice of nature cries, ‘tis time to part”
100,000 in 3 months, 500,000 in 6 months

14. The Declaration of Independence
- Adopted July 4, 1776
- Written by Thomas Jefferson
- Four Purposes:
1. Declare Independence
2. Explain Natural Rights – John Locke
- Consent of the Governed
3. List the grievances against King George III
4. Justify Independence to other countries – France and Spain

15. Colonists Advantages:
British Advantages:
Well –equipped and trained army and navy – Blockade
Strong Central Government
Resources and National Wealth – Hessian Mercenaries
Native Americans, Slaves, and 50,000 Loyalists
Colonists Advantages:
Fighting on their own land –Guerilla Warfare
Fighting for Liberty and Independence – A Cause
War was unpopular in England
Experiences from the French and Indian War
Able military leaders
Only had to not lose – War of attrition

16. Winning the War Turning Point – Battle of Saratoga – 1778
– French and Spanish aid
Battle of Yorktown – 1781 –
- British Surrender
1783 – Treaty of Paris
- United States Independent
- New Borders – Mississippi, Great Lakes, Florida
- British Troop removed from the Americas

17. Results of the War Republican Government and Freedoms
Emancipation - Slavery
Penn 1778, VT 1779, MA 1780, RI + CT 1784, NY 1799, NJ 1804
Women’s Rights – Abigail Adams - ‘Remember the Ladies’ - Education - Republican Motherhood
Disastrous for Native Americans
Spread Ideas of Natural Rights, Liberty, and Independence – Age of Revolutions