1. Indirect Statement
Chapters 46-48

2. Infinitives There are six infinitives Active Passive
Pres. -are, -ere, -ere, ire -ari, -eri, -i, -iri
ex. ducere ex. duci
Perf. perf. stem + isse perf. pass. part. + esse
ex. duxisse ex. ductus esse
Future future act. part + esse RARE – WON’T LEARN
ex. ducturus esse

3. New Infinitives Explained
Perfect Passive Infinitive
Perfect Passive Participle + esse
Translation: to have been________
Ex. tractus esse – to have been dragged
Future Active Infinitive
Future active participle + esse
Translation – to be about/going to_______
Ex. laudaturus esse – to be going to praise

4. What is Indirect Statement?
He loves her.
In a direct statement the action is simply done by the subject.
Indirect Statement:
They say that he loves her.
In an indirect statement the statement is expressed INDIRECTLY after a verb that implies action taking place in the head.

5. Huh???
In English, an indirect statement is introduced by the word “that”
He says THAT she is pretty.
I think THAT Marcus is sleeping.
We know THAT the slavewomen work hard.
NOTICE THAT THE MAIN VERB IS ONE OF THINKING, SAYING, KNOWING, BELIEVING, HEARING, SEEING (THE “HEAD” VERBS.)

6. Indirect Statement in Latin
In LATIN, an indirect statement is constructed using the following formula:
Main verb + “subject” accusative + infinitive
Dicunt puellam pulchram esse.
They say that the girl is pretty.
Puellam is the accusative subject
Esse is the infinitive
The word “that” is implied in the translation and the infinitive is translated as a regular verb.

7. Main Verbs in Indirect Statement
dico, dicere – to say
scio, scire – to know
spero, -are – to hope
video, -ere – to see
audio, -ire – to hear
puto, -are – to think
sentio, -ire – to feel, notice
credo, -ere – to believe
respondeo, -ere – to respond, answer
constat – it is agreed
pro certo habeo – to be sure

8. Infinitives in Indirect Statement
You can use any tense of the infinitive in an indirect statement.
How each infinitive is translated depends on:
The tense of the infinitive
The tense of the main verb

9. Time and Infinitives
The PRESENT INFINITIVE indicates action occurring AT THE SAME TIME as that of the main verb. (CONTEMPORANEOUS INFINITIVE)
The PERFECT INFINITIVE indicates TIME BEFORE that of the main verb. (PRIOR INFINITIVE)
The FUTURE INFINITIVE indicates TIME AFTER that of the main verb. (SUBSEQUENT INFINITIVE)

10. When the Main Verb is Present
Dicunt (They say)
a. eum amare eam – that he loves her (present)
b. eum amavisse eam – that he loved her (perfect)
c. Eum amaturum esse eam – that he will love her (future)

11. When the Main Verb is Past (Perfect or Imperfect)
Dixerunt (They said)
Eum amare eam – that he was loving her (present infinitive translated as imperfect)
Eum amavisse eam – that he had loved her (perfect infinitive translated as pluperfect)
Eum amaturum esse eam – that he would love her (future infinitive translated as “would”)

12. Future Infinitive Look at this sentence
Dixerunt Valerium amaturum esse Corneliam.
They said that Valerius would love Cornelia.
Note that the future active infinitive must agree in gender, number and case with the accusative subject.

13. When the Main Verb is Future
Dicent (They will say)
Marcum dormire – that Marcus is sleeping
Marcum dormivisse – that Marcus was sleeping
Marcum dormiturum esse – that Marcus will be sleeping

14. Indirect Statement with Passive Infinitives
Present Passive Infinitive
When the main verb is present, the present passive infinitive is translated as a present tense verb.
Video multos milites occidi.
I see that many soldiers are being killed.
When the main verb is past (imperfect or perfect), the present infinitive is translated as imperfect.
Vidi multos milites occidi.
I saw that many soldiers were being killed.

15. Indirect Statement with Passive Infinitives
Perfect Passive Infinitive
When the main verb is present, the perfect passive infinitive is translated as a perfect tense verb.
Cornelius videt pupam a Sexto abreptam esse.
Cornelius sees that the doll has been snatched away by Sextus.
When the main verb is past (imperfect or perfect), the perfect infinitive is translated as pluperfect.
Cornelius vidit pupam a Sexto abreptam esse.
Cornelius saw that the doll had been snatched away by Sextus.