1. Protestant Reformation

2. Branches of Christianity
Protestant
Roman
Catholicism
Lutheran
Martin
Luther
Anglican
Henry VIII
Calvinist
John
Calvin
Eastern
Orthodox
Puritan
Huguenots
Presbyterian

3. The Protestant Reformation Map

4. Prior to the Reformation all Christians were Roman Catholic
1517
Prior to the Reformation all Christians were Roman Catholic
The Reformation was an attempt to REFORM the Catholic Church
Martin Luther and others wanted to get rid of the corruption and restore people’s faith in the church, not start a separate church

5. Christian Humanism A product of the Renaissance Desiderius Erasmus:
Living every day with inward spirituality
Medieval practices such as indulgences seemed pointless and unnecessary

6. What was an Indulgence? A Papal pardon for sins
A lessening of the time a soul would have to spend in purgatory
Purgatory = a place where souls too impure to enter heaven atoned for sins committed during their lifetime
According to Luther, indulgences had no basis in the Bible and the Pope had no authority to release souls from purgatory

7. Luther’s Teachings-Lutheran Church
Salvation “through faith alone”
Bible was the source of religious truth
Common people should be able to read the bible in their own language and study it for themselves
Fewer sacraments and a simple mass

8. Martin Luther’s Actions
Luther posted his 95 Theses on the door of the castle church in Wittenberg, Germany on October 31, 1517
His intent was to reform the Catholic Church, not create a separate one

9. How Did Word Spread So Quickly?
Gutenberg’s Printing Press made it possible for Luther to spread his beliefs
Copy of Luther’s 95 Theses from Gutenberg's Press

10. Reaction to Luther Put on trial for heresy
Edict of Worms: Luther=outlaw
Gained support from people (including the princes in the HRE)
Gained criticism from Church
Millions converted

11. Protestantism Spreads
Geneva, Switz: Calvinists (John Calvin)
England: Anglicans & Anabaptists
Presbyterian; Methodists; Baptists; Episcopalian; Congregationalists; Lutheran

12. John Calvin-Presbyterian Church
Faith alone
Bible as only source of religious truth
Predestination:
God long ago determined who would gain salvation
World is divided into saints and sinners

13. Henry VIII-Anglican Church
English king
Had denounced Luther, “Defender of the Faith”
Yet wanted to annual (cancel) his marriage to his wife
The Catholic Pope however, refused.
Henry breaks his kingdom from the church
Not that different from Catholic beliefs
Use of English language Bible and removal of the Pope as leader.

14. Henry’s Six Wives!
Divorced, Beheaded, Died, Divorced, Beheaded, Survived.
Catherine of Aragon
Annulled
Anne Boleyn
Annulled then
beheaded
Catherine Parr
survived
Catherine Howard
Annulled then
beheaded
Jane Seymour
Died
childbed fever
Anne of Cleves
Annulled

15. Act of Supremacy - 1534 Parliament passed the Act of Supremacy
Made Henry “the only supreme head on Earth of the Church of England”
Many refused to accept Henry as the head of the church and were executed for treason
Sir Thomas More was one of them!

16. How Did the Catholic Church respond to the Protestant Reformation?

17. The Catholic Reformation
Pope Paul III sought to end the corruption in the Catholic Church and reform some practices
Council of Trent (1545)-
Salvation through faith and good works, not just the bible
Penalties for corrupt clergy, established better schools to educate them

18. The Inquisition A Church court was set up to combat heresy
Secret torture had been used during the Middle Ages to gain confessions
Certain books were also banned by the Catholic church-such as the writings of Luther and Calvin

19. Widespread Persecution
Heightened passion led to people being very intolerant and divided in their beliefs.
Witch Hunts- people accused were usually social outcasts.
These people were used as scapegoats-some one they could blame for their problems
Jewish people were discriminated against and forced to live in separate parts of the city called ghettos.

20. Religion vs. Science?
As interest and study of the sciences increased it came into conflict with church belief.

21. Galileo

22. Separating Science and Faith?
It proved difficult to separate the field of science from religion. The two were much more closely linked than today.

23. Newton