1. World Class Education www.kean.edu

2. 1
Topic 8
The New Immigration s-1921

3. Emma Lazarus, 1883 2
"Give me your tired, your poor, Your huddled masses yearning to breathe free, The wretched refuse of your teeming shore, Send these, the homeless, tempest-tossed to me, I lift my lamp beside the golden door!"

4. Push Factors 3
Push: Worn-out land / Changes in European agricultural system
Push: Political discontent with upper-class rule
Push: Social discontent – rigid class distinctions
Push: Persecution
Push: Escape from military service
Russian “pogrom”

5. 4
Pull Factors
Pull: America - “land of opportunity” – expanding economy – western lands / industrial revolution
Pull: Lure of a democratic system
Pull: Lure of an open society
Pull: No real restrictions on immigration

6. Sources of “Old Immigration” (Pre-1870s)5
Great Britain
Ireland
Germany
Scandinavia
Holland
France
Irish Immigrant

7. The New immigration 1870s - 1921 Italy (Southern Italy / Sicily)6
The New immigration 1870s
Italy (Southern Italy / Sicily)
Greece (tenant farmers)
Austria-Hungary
Serbia
Rumania
Russia
Poland
Prussia
Eastern European Jewish immigrants
New Arrivals – Ellis island

8. Who Opposed Immigration?7
Who Opposed Immigration?
Labor unions
Perceived problems with “Americanization”
Ethnic and Religious Prejudice
Anti-immigrant cartoon

9. How to become an “American”?8
Americanization
Melting Pot
Cultural Pluralism
Multiculturalism

10. Restrictions on Immigration and Immigration Reform9
Emergency Immigration Acts 1921, 1924
National Origins Plan 1929
Immigration reform 1965, 1980, 1986, 1990

11. 10
Selected Readings
Alan M. Kraut, The Huddled Masses: The Immigrant in American Society,
Roger Daniels, Coming To America: A History of Immigration and Ethnicity in American Life.
Ellis Island Museum website