1. Other Marks of Punctuation
Ch. 27 Punctuation
Other Marks of Punctuation

2. See what you remember…
The first Alaskans most likely traveled to North America from Asia around twenty thousand years ago they may have been following caribou herds.
The new republic at once began increasing production and distribution of goods futhermore, it also appealed to other nations for financial assistance.

3. Semicolons
KEY CONCEPT: Use a semicolon between independent clauses that are closely related in thought and are NOT joined by a coordinating conjunction.
New candidates will run for president in 2016; all of them are currently in the news.

4. Semicolons
KEY CONCEPT: Use a semicolon between independent clauses joined by a conjunctive adverb or a transitional expression.
Some people believe that summer cannot come soon enough; however, they fail to realize that the Winter Olympics are very exciting.

5. Commonly used…(p. 851) Accordingly Besides Consequently Furthermore
Conjunctive Adverbs
Transitional Expressions
Accordingly
Besides
Consequently
Furthermore
However
Otherwise
Nevertheless
Therefore
As a result
For example
For instance
In fact
On the contrary
That is

6. Semicolons
KEY CONCEPT: Semicolons are used before a coordinating conjunction when the independent clauses contain commas.
Also, when the items in a series contain commas.
My favorite events are figure skating, downhill skiing, luge, and bobsled; but, I don’t care to watch cross-country skiing or speed skating.

7. Colons: to “note what follows”
Before a list of items, especially after expressions like as follows, the following
My Christmas list includes the following: Beats, Justin Bieber tickets, and a puppy.
Do not use a colon before a list that serves as an object of a preposition or complement
The concert included performances by *NSYNC, the Backstreet Boys, and Britney Spears.

8. Colons: to “note what follows”
Before a long, formal statement or quotation
Between independent clauses when the second clause explains or restates the idea of the first
Those running shoes are the best kind: They are purple and will last 500 miles.

9. Colons: Conventional situations
Between the hour and the minute in time
9:30 a.m. 12:00 noon 8:00 p.m.
Between Biblical chapters and verses
John 3:16 Proverbs 3:3
Between titles and subtitles
Frankenstein: The Modern Prometheus
CSI: Crime Scene Investigation
After the salutation of a business letter
To Whom It May Concern:

10. Practice Page 852– Exercise 1 (odds only)
Page 855 – Review A (All of them…)
You will turn this in after a brief reflection!

11. Semicolons and Colons Practice
On a sheet of paper to be turned in…
Page 855 – Review A
Semicolons and colons review
Just write the word before the punctuation
After checking your answers, self-assess your ability to properly place semicolons and colons in sentences.
Also– what questions do you have??

12. Italics vs. Quotation Marks
ITALICS (underlining)
QUOTATION MARKS
Books
Plays
Long Poems
Periodicals
Works of Art
Films
Radio/TV Series
Long Musical Works
Videos
Video & Computer Games
Comic Strips
Titles/Subtitles of short stories
Short poems
Essays
Articles
Parts of songs
Episode titles (TV/Radio)
Chapters/parts of books

13. In addition… Trains – Orient Express Ships - Titanic
ITALICS (underlining)
QUOTATION MARKS
Trains – Orient Express
Ships - Titanic
Aircraft – Air Force One
Spacecraft – Challenger
Words, letters, symbols referred to as such
Foreign words not translated to English
Slang words
Invented words
Technical terms
Dictionary definitions
Any expressions unusual to English
Direct quotations

14. Direct Quotations
Use “…” to enclose EXACT words from a speaker or text
Generally begins with a CAPITAL letter
Unless writing only PART of the quoted sentence
The speaker stated that the corpse was “a vile thing.”
Unless a quoted sentence is interrupted, the 2nd part is lowercase
“Please read through chapter 13,” explained Mrs. Krabill, “and we will have a discussion tomorrow.”
Set off from rest of sentence with a comma, question mark, or exclamation. NOT A PERIOD!

15. Direct Quotations Other punctuation rules for direct quotes
Commas and periods are placed INSIDE closing quotes
Semicolons and colons are placed OUTSIDE closing quotes
Question marks and exclamation points are dependent on if they are part of the quote or not
My mom asked me, “Are you getting up today?”
Did MLK, Jr., say, “I have a dream”?

16. Direct Quotations
Dialogue: direct quotes between two or more people = change paragraphs for each new speaker
When direct quote is more than one paragraph, use a quote at the beginning of each AND at the end of the whole thing.
Examples – pg. 862
Use single quotes for a quote in a quote
The teacher said, “Please tell me what Victor meant when he said, ‘I felt the bitterness of disappointment’.”

17. Practice! Page 858, Exercise 3 (odds only)
You will have to add more punctuation than just quotation marks in this part!

18. Hyphens To divide a word at the end of a line
Do NOT divide a one-syllable word
Divide a word only between syllables
Some-times
Divide an already hyphenated word at the hyphen
Self-defense
Do NOT divide words so that only 1 letter stands alone

19. Hyphens: Compound Words
Twenty-one to ninety-nine
Two-thirds majority (when used as modifier)
Prefixes and suffixes
All-around president-elect Ex-boyfriend
gluten-free non-smoking
Great-grandmother mid-life pro-life
Compound adjective preceding the noun
A well-rehearsed musical

20. Dashes Gives a sharp separation within a sentence
More definitive than commas or parentheses
To indicate an abrupt break in thought
The party—I’m sorry I didn’t tell you earlier— was moved to next week.
To mean namely, that is, or in other words to introduce an explanation
The weather has been unseasonable warm— in the mid-seventies—all October.

21. (Parentheses)
To enclose informative or explanatory material of MINOR IMPORTANCE
Sentence that falls within another sentence
Does not begin with a capital letter
Should not end with a period, but may have a question mark or exclamation point
Paris, France (see the map on page 8) is lovely this time of year.
Sentence that stands by itself
Should begin with a capital; end with proper punctuation
Mrs. Krabill would like to go to Paris. (Should we tell Mr. Krabill?)

22. (Parentheses) Also used to enclose dates of people’s births and deaths
Abraham Lincoln ( ) was a key figure during the Civil War.

23. [Brackets] … Not just for :]
Used to enclose an explanation within quoted material
Similar to single quotes = quote in a quote
Brackets are parentheticals within quotes or parentheticals
Mostly in informational texts!

24. Practice!
Page 876 – Exercise 8 – #1-10
Page 880 – Exercise 9 - #1-5