1. Cartography and Labeling
ENVS 521

2. Objectives
Explore the differences in functionality between the Data and Layout Views
Learn cartographic basics
See how layout tools and map elements are used to give your map a “finished” look
Recap and review Labeling
Understand how labeling can elevate and inform map viewers

3. Data View vs. Layout View
Is used to view, manipulate, query and analyze data
Provides a more close-up view than layout
Is generally used to get data ready to be ‘mapped’
Data Frame contains all content that will appear in the map
Is used to create the layout of a map and create final product
Contains the elements that will be used in map, such as scale bars, north arrows, etc.
Has layout specific tools activated
Can contain multiple data frames, as well as tables, graphs, images and text

4. Data View

5. Layout View

6. Switching between Views
Switch to Data View
Switching between Views
Switch to Layout View
Two ways to switch between views:
through the View menu
using the command buttons
Switch to Data View
Switch to Layout View

7. Data Frames in Layout View
Map documents support multiple data frames
Map elements can be added to each frame
Useful for providing overview context and large scale detail on the same map
No real limit to the number of data frames that a map can contain

8. Layout Tools
Layout Tools
Provide the ability to manipulate ‘map’ while under construction
Allow user to zoom in/out, focus, change template, etc.
Are valuable for achieving a quality finished product
Can be docked anywhere on the GIS interface

9. Cartographic Basics Maps should be attractive
Use of color should be meaningful:
Red draws attention to important features or text
Graduated color ramps imply gradation in features being mapped (e.g. dark to light = low to high elevation)
Use of symbols should enhance map’s readability
Items in the map (geographic content/elements/text) should be balanced
Mapped information should be concise (don’t overwhelm the reader!)
Above all, the map should effectively communicate the geographic information you are trying to convey

10. What is wrong with this map?

11. Placement Tools ruler guide grid
Several tools are available for aligning items on the map:
Rulers
Guides
Grids
Margins
Items on map can be ‘snapped’ to proper location
Accessible by right-clicking in the Layout View window
grid

12. Other Alignment Tools
Useful for managing size, location and order of objects:
Order
Nudge
Align
Distribute
Rotate or flip
Accessible by right-clicking one or more selected items
Menu accessed by right-clicking a selected map item

13. Map Elements
Maps should generally consist of the following map elements:
Title
Legend
Scale Bar
North Arrow
Projection Information
Author’s Name
Date
Data Source(s)

14. Final Products Formats: JPEG, TIFF, PDF, PNG, BMP, EMF, and more…
Final map product can be printed, exported as a digital image, or published to an internet server
Export formats are numerous and may be determined based on map purpose (i.e. publication vs. poster)
Local graphics folks will often have a preferred format
Resolution of digital output should exceed 100 dpi
Output options available from File  Export Map…
Formats:
JPEG, TIFF, PDF, PNG, BMP, EMF, and more…

15. Labels Allow information to be well received by the audience
Draw attention to specific features
Identify background data
Turn labels on by right clicking on layer and clicking labels or by checking Labe features in this layer in this dialog box

17. Label Styles and text properties

20. Label Priority and Weight Ranking

22. Adding labels with the new text tool
Label of the top most layer in the TOC that is turned on will be labeled
Label will be the primary display field (check properties  fields)