1. SECOND INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION: The Age of Invention Cause and Effects

2. LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
SS.912.A.3.2 Examine the social, political, and economic causes, course, and consequences of the second Industrial Revolution that began in the late 19th century.
SS.912.A.3.3 Compare the first and second Industrial Revolutions in the United States.
SS.912.A.3.4 Determine how the development of steel, oil, transportation, communication, and business practices affected the United States economy.
SS.912.A.3.5 Identify significant inventors of the Industrial Revolution including African Americans and women

3. New Industrial Age Main Idea:
By the end of the 19th century, natural resources, creative ideas, and big business led to the 2nd Industrial Revolution in the United States.

4. New Industrial Age 1st Industrial Revolution 2nd Industrial Revolution
Started in Britain
Led to the factories and work (labor) outside the home
Dominated by textile and shipping factories
2nd Industrial Revolution
Started in the United States
After the Civil War, the United States was mostly an agricultural nation.
By 1920's, United States became the leading industrial power in the world

5. New Industrial Age Factors that caused the New Industrial Age:
A great amount or wealth of natural resources
New ways to use natural resources
Government support for business
Growing population into cities (urban)
Inventions changing lifestyles

6. from http://2. bp. blogspot

7. Natural Resources Black Gold- Oil
People used whale oil to gas lighting as well as in factory/railroad machine
Oil was used to make kerosene

8. Natural Resources Bessemer Process Used coal and iron to make steel
It injected air into molten iron to remove impurities
This makes the iron lighter, more flexible, without rust

9. Effects Of Natural Resources
Black Gold or "oil"
Became practical after it was discovered how to distill the fuel from oil or coal to make kerosene to light lamps
Making oil into kerosene produced gasoline when it was refined
After the car became popular, gasoline became the most important form of oil
Steel
Making steels greatly benefited
Now able to build railroads, barbed wire, farm machines, steel bridges (Brooklyn Bridge), and the ability to build skyscrapers with a steel frame.

10. Inventions and Electricity
By 1890, electricity changed business and America.
Edison invented the incandescent light bulb
Westinghouse and Edison helped make electricity safer and less expensive
Electric power ran many machines: fans, printing presses, new time saving appliances, electric streetcars(subways)
Manufacturers could have their factories anywhere, not just close to sources of energy like rivers

11. Inventions Change Lifestyles
The growing urban population made it possible for new inventions and products of the late 1800's
Ways people communicate:
Faster printing presses
Invention of the typewriter in 1867 greatly changed the workplace and created office or clerical work
Bell/Watson invented the telephone, opening up the way people communicate

12. Inventions Change Lifestyles
From improvements were made in:
Internal engine combustion
Steel
Railways
Manufacturing
Cars
Planes
Assembly lines
Oil
Plastics
Electricity
Telephones
Radio
Mass productions
Department stores

13. Railroads
Railroads influenced industries us as iron, coal, steel, lumber, and glass
The fast spread of railroad lines lead to the growth of new towns
Created new markets and created opportunities for big business and farmers

14. Railroads Impact on Farmers
Grange Movement/Farmers Alliance
This demanded government control over railroad industry for fairness to the farmer because:
There was railroad business corruption and abuses that upset the farmers.
Railroads sold land they got from grants to other businesses rather than to settlers
Price fixing- led to farmers paying a high price to transport their crops. Farmer were losing money and kept them in debt.

15. Overall Positive Effects of the 2nd Industrial Revolution
Machines replaced work previously done by hand
Production increased
Lower cost and higher quality
Better and faster transportation
Rise of the middle class
Movement of people from farms to cities
Progressivism
Labor unions
Better education, information, and healthcare

16. Big Business Grows Oil and Steel became big business or "corporations"
Created "trust" where competing companies turned over their stocks to one large corporation.
Created a "monopoly" where the corporation did nothing but buy out other companies in the industry.

17. Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890
The Sherman Antitrust Act in was passed to try to break the power of monopolies and trust, but was hard to enforce.
Effects of monopolies and trusts
Controlled prices and can charge higher prices because of no competition
pay employees very low wages

18. Additional Resources
crash course video, the Industrial Economy 12 minutes
Tutorial on the Captains of Industry in the 2nd Industrial Revolution
lesson plan that compares the Robber Barons with modern business
Turning Points in History, Industrial Revolution video 3 minutes
videos and articles on the inventors and their inventions
article on the Top Significant Industrial Revolution Inventors
flashcards and quizzes for inventors/inventions