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Literary Terms Take Notes!
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Kinds of Sentences /31/15 1.)
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GENRE: category of literature
Major Genre: prose (novel, short story, essay), verse (poetry,) drama Minor Genre: specific subdivisions of major genre (fantasy, science fiction, young adult, mystery, western, humor, adventure, romance, etc.)
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Series of events that tell a story
Plot Series of events that tell a story
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Plot Pyramid Exposition: backstory that introduces characters and setting Central Conflict: basic problem of story Rising Action: attempts to solve problem Climax: the point when the problem is solved or unsolvable (turning point) Falling Action: events immediately after the climax Resolution: reactions to climax
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Protagonist The central or main character in a literary work
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Antagonist the person or force who is opposite to, or challenges, the protagonist.
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Characterization the way an author presents and defines characters.
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Flat Character: a character who is stereotypical and lacks interest
Round Character: a character who is presented in greater depth, interest and detail. Static Character: a character who does not undergo any change (e.g., Tiny Tim in Charles Dickens' "A Christmas Carol") Dynamic Character: a character who undergoes some sort of transformation (e.g., Scrooge in the same work).
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Conflict The struggle between opposing forces that provides the central action and interest in any literary plot.
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Internal Conflict a conflict taking place inside a character
Person vs. Self
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External Conflict a conflict taking place outside a character
Person vs. Person Person vs. Society Person vs. Nature Person vs. Supernatural
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Irony When what "is" goes against expectations; three forms exist, used for plot development and meaning
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Verbal Irony When what is said is either the opposite of what is or its meaning (Sarcasm)
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Situational Irony When an event occurs contrary to expectations
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Dramatic Irony When an audience knows important information beyond what the character knows
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Point of View The type of narrator the writer uses to tell a story.
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Objective Point of View
The narrator tells what happens without saying anything about what the characters think or feel, remaining a detached observer.
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Omniscient POV The narrator knows how all characters think and feel.
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Third Person Point of View
The narrator does not participate in the action of the story as one of the characters, but lets us know exactly how the character(s) feel. We learn about the characters through this outside voice.
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Limited Omniscient POV
A narrator who knows how one or some characters think and feel. Many modern books use this POV, but change POV characters throughout (Percy Jackson).
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First Person Point of View
The narrator is participates in the action of the story
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Simile indirect comparison that uses connective words (like, as, seems) to link the differing items
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Mood feeling created by the text
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Setting the time, place, and context of a story
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Dialogue lines spoken by characters
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Narrator the teller of the story
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Direct Characterization
author states what type of person the character is
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Theme a message about life taken from a story
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Allusion a reference to something outside the text that the reader is expected to know; provides additional information; may become a symbol. (i.e., Gettysburg Address, Constitution)
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Symbol an object or action that represents more than itself alone.
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Poetry Literary work in which feelings and ideas are expressed through rhythm and style.
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arrangement of lines in poetry, separated by rhyme scheme or spacing
Stanza arrangement of lines in poetry, separated by rhyme scheme or spacing
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Rhyme Correspondence of sounds between words or the endings of words.
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Rhyme Scheme The pattern of rhyming words
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contradictory ideas meant to fit together
Paradox contradictory ideas meant to fit together
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Imagery language used by an author to show details
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Alliteration repetition of sounds in the first syllables in a phrase or words. (ie: from stem to stern).
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Personification assigning human qualities to non-human objects or concepts
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Metaphor Comparing two different things
Formula: One thing is another thing.
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Simile Comparing two things using like, as, or seems
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Assonance Repetition of vowel sounds
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Repetition of consonant sounds
Consonance Repetition of consonant sounds
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Hyperbole An exaggeration or claim not meant to be taken literally.
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Making something seem less important than it is
Understatement Making something seem less important than it is
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