1. Communist Rule in Modern China

3. China Slightly larger than the US Natural resources
Tin, tungsten (steel), coal, iron , copper, lead, and aluminum
Mountains, deserts, and highlands cover 2/3 of the land surface
World’s largest population
1.2 billion people
80 percent live in countryside (farming)
20 percent in overcrowded urban areas
Government tries to slow population growth
Restrict number of pregnancies
High number of abortions of females

5. Dynastic China Powerful emperors ruled China for thousands of years
“Mandate from Heaven”
Confucian tradition
could be overthrown if ruled poorly
Obey people superior to them
Pyramid structure (hierarchy)
Heaven, Emperor, Government officials and landlords, peasants
Fall of Dynasty
European Influence
British Opium
Rebellion by western ideas (Dr. Sun Yat-sen)
After fall, China controlled by Warlords (military generals)

7. The Communist Revolution
“The Liberation”
Communist Party formed in 1920’s
Planned to end social and economic inequality
Chaing Kai-shek ruled China and fought the communist
The Nationalist Party
President but dictator of China
Long civil war preceded the Communist Revolution in 1949
Communist Army was named People’s Liberation Army (PLA)
Leader, Mao Zedong
Long March (90,000 to 6,000)
Communists confiscated land from landlords and redistributed it among the peasants.

8. The Influence of Soviet Socialism

9. The Influence of Soviet Socialism
Chinese leaders looked to create a socialist and modern state
Looked to Soviet Five-year Plan
Development of heavy industry rather than revolutionary spirit
Organized peasants into state-owned collectives
Rejected the guidance of Soviet Union because of reliance of technological experts and not enough on human spirit and the socialist value of equality

10. The Great Leap Forward

11. The Great Leap Forward Leap ahead of Soviet Union and Britain
Mao was fearful the Chinese revolutionary spirit was waning
Strong enough for equality and achieve communism?
Plan to teach masses to industrialize on one “great leap”
Organized into communes that guaranteed various services
Railroads, dams, reservoirs
Food and healthcare
Failed and resulted in widespread famine

12. The Cultural Revolution
Leaders focused on rebuilding economy after Great Leap
Mao believed it threatened socialist spirit
Concerned more with making money
Mao called on young people, Red Guards, to guard the culture of the Revolution
Four olds (ideas, culture, customs, habits)
Red Guards wanted to stamp out “incorrect” or old values and habits
Imprisoning and humiliating “enemies”
Raiding homes and destroying anything associated with the four olds
Communist Leaders lost control
Organized marches, destroy artifacts
Red Guards were disbanded

13. Economic Reforms of Deng Xiaoping

14. Economic Reforms of Deng Xiaoping
New leader, Deng Xiaoping, rejected extreme socialist values
Focus on Chinese economy
Four Modernizations – science, industry, technology, and defense
Motivated by socialist spirit and service to nation
Individual rewards to motivate people
Shift power to local governments and families
The Responsibility System
Peasants allowed to sell crops if they produced government quota
Increased agricultural production
Capitalist enterprise in China
Private ownership, hiring, profit from labor of others
Special Economic Zones: foreign investors build factories, cheap labor
Reforms proved successful

15. Protest for Democracy at Tiananmen Square

16. Protest for Democracy at Tiananmen Square
People wanted political reform with economic reform
Freedom of press
Students held a protest for democracy in the capital of Beijing
Xiaoping called in army to clear the square
Couldn’t enter city because of 2 million protesters
Killing between 700 and 3,000 citizens
Government arrested student leaders, and no democratic reforms occurred