1. Marco Mazzotti – ETH Zurich, Switzerland
Professor of Process Engineering

2. EU approach towards demonstration and implementation of CCS
Marco Mazzotti
Institute of Process Engineering
ETH Zurich – Zurich, Switzerland
Global Task Force on CCS
Inaugural meeting
February 14, 2008

3. European Union and climate change
EU committed to Kyoto agreement
Emissions Trading Scheme (cap-and-trade)
Phase 1: (covering ~50% of EU CO2 emissions)
Phase 2: (~90% of allowances for free)
Framework programs for R&D
Launch in 2005 of European Technology Platform for Zero Emission Fossil Fuel Power Plants
EC January 2008 energy package

4. Emissions trading in the EU 2005-2012

5. European Union FP6 6th Framework Program for R&D, 2002-06 CCS projects (~ €170m)
CASTOR: post-combustion
ENCAP: chem.loop+pre-com.
CACHET: pre-combustion
DYNAMIS: H2 prod. + CCS
CO2SINK: geo-stor. Ketzin, D
CO2GeoNet: geo-storage
MOVECBM: ECBM (Recopol)
CO2ReMoVe: geo-storage
EU GeoCapacity: mapping
… 10 more w/ funds < €5m

6. European Union FP7 7th Framework Program for R&D, 2007-13
FP7 total budget for cooperation: €32bn (+41%)
Environment: €1.8bn
Energy: €2.3bn
H2 and fuel cells
CCS for zero-emission power generation
Clean coal technologies …
Projects starting, e.g. DECARBit (IGCC power plant)

7. Commercial CCS projects
(Statoil )
(Statoil )
(BP, Statoil, Sonatrach )
(Encana )

8. Shell, Statoil - Draugen (Norway), EOR
Recently, Shell and Statoil signed an agreement to work on a project injecting CO2 into the Draugen and Heidrun offshore oil and gas fields from a gas-fired power plant and methanol production facility at Tjeldbergodden in Mid-Norway. Power from
the plant will also be provided to the offshore fields, resulting in near zero CO2 emissions from these installations.

9. BP: Peterhead (Scotland), EOR + H2
BP's Peterhead Hydrogen Power Project, presently at the design stage, will take natural gas from North Sea fields and convert it to hydrogen and CO2. The hydrogen will then be used as a clean fuel in Scotland's Peterhead power station, while the CO2 will be transported offshore via an existing pipeline and injected more than three kilometres under the seabed for enhanced oil recovery and long-term geological storage in the Miller Field.

10. Power plants with CCS: pilot, demo, commercial
Schwarze Pumpe
Oxy–fuel
IGCC
350 MWel
2.6 tCO2/y

11. ETP ZEP - European Technology Platform for Zero Emission Fossil Fuel Power Plants
In ETPs stakeholders define R&D priorities, time frames and action plans, on strategic issues
ETP ZEP (2005) gathers energy companies, equipment suppliers, oil/gas businesses, and NGOs
It aims at: „enabling zero CO2 emissions from European fossil fuel power plants by 2020“

12. Objective of the ZEP Flagship Program
Urgently implementing integrated, full-scale CCS demonstration projects EU- wide
Developing new concepts for demo by and implementation beyond 2020
Kick-starting the CO2 value chain with urgent short- and long-term commercial incentives
Establishing a regulatory framework for CO2 transport and geological storage
Gaining public support via a comprehensive public information campaign

13. Timeline of the ZEP Flagship Program

14. Technology portfolio of Flagship Program
Portfolio of demo plants provide confidence to scale up CCS

15. Funding of Flagship Program

16. Funding of Flagship Program

17. Funding of Flagship Program

18. Funding of Flagship Program

19. Funding of Flagship Program
Additional funding (€6-10bn for 400 MW plants)
From whom?
In what form?
How allocated?

20. Challenges of Flagship Program
The EU will not achieve its CO2 emission targets without CCS.
CCS will not be commercially viable by 2020 without an EU Flagship Program.
An EU Flagship Program will not happen without stable market-based funding mechanisms to cover the high additional capital and operational costs of the first full-scale CCS demo projects

21. EC January 2008 energy package - Goals
To bring about a 20% cut in EU greenhouse gas emissions by 2020, and to be ready to step up to 30% with an international agreement.
To reach 20% of energy use through renewables by 2020.
To reach 10% of use of sustainable biofuels in transportation.
Estimated cost: 0.5% of GDP by 2020.

22. EC Jan 2008 energy package - Implementation
New Emissions Trading System for big industry emitters (from 2013, with auctioned allowances)
Specific, binding national targets outside ETS (buildings, transport, agriculture, waste)
Active promotion of renewables, with binding national targets, and certification for biofuels.
„New rules to stimulate carbon capture and storage, tomorrow's technology to cut emissions“.
New state aid rules.

23. EC Jan 2008 energy package – 2020 targets

24. EC Jan 2008 energy package - CCS
Inclusion of CO2 captured and safely stored in ETS
EU Industrial Initiative on CCS as a base for the coordination, transparency and visibility of demos
Development of CCS infrastructure
Promotion of cooperation with China, India, OECD
Finances for CCS
Decisive role of industry early financial commitment
New legal grounds for state aid to CCS demo projects
Additional sources of financing

25. … a happy end?!
ETP ZEP

26. Carbon dioxide capture and storage to mitigate climate change
Marco Mazzotti
Institute of Process Engineering
ETH Zurich – Zurich, Switzerland
Global Task Force on CCS
Inaugural meeting
February 14, 2008

27. DECARBit – Enabling advanced pre-combustion capture techiques and plants

28. DECARBit – Enabling advanced pre-combustion capture techiques and plants
Budget: 15.5 m€ (EC: 10.2 m€)

29. European Union 7th Framework Program for R & TD, 2007-13

30. Total EU GHG emissions by sector 2005

31. EU Emissions Trading system

32. Geographical distribution of CO2 emissions

33. Aquifers: Sleipner project (Statoil, Norway)

34. Aquifers: Sleipner project (Statoil)
~ 1000 m
CO2 separation from gas
CO2 injection into the Utsira aquifer
~ 2500 m
~ 3000 m
Natural gas with ~8% CO2

35. In-Salah (BP, Statoil, Sonatrach-Algeria)

36. Vattenfall: Schwarze Pumpe (D), 30 MWth oxy-fuel power plant + CCS

37. Statoil: Snøhvit (Norway),