1. Welcome to the World of Chemistry

2. CHEMISTRY
INTRODUCTION
9/12/2018
Dr Seemal Jelani Chem-100

3. What is Chemistry?
Chemistry is the study of the composition of matter and the changes matter undergoes.
Matter is anything that takes up space and has mass.
Chemistry can be very practical and have obvious applications in everyday life.
Chemistry can also be very theoretical (without daily application). But what is theoretical today may be practical tomorrow.
9/12/2018
Dr Seemal Jelani Chem-100

4. The Branches of Chemistry (Areas of Study)
Organic Chemistry is the study of all substances containing the element carbon.
Inorganic Chemistry specializes in substances that don’t contain carbon.
Analytical Chemistry is concerned with the composition of substances.
9/12/2018
Dr Seemal Jelani Chem-100

5. Biochemistry is the study of the chemistry of living organisms
Physical Chemistry is interested in theories and experiments that describe the behavior of substances.
Biochemistry is the study of the chemistry of living organisms
Environmental Chemistry is the study of the chemistry of environment
Green Chemistry is the study of saving the environment
9/12/2018
Dr Seemal Jelani Chem-100

6. Why Study Chemistry?
You and everything around you involve chemistry. You are made from chemicals and you use chemicals everyday-when you breathe, drink a glass of water, wash your hair, eat a snack…
Humans have a natural desire to understand how things work
Chemistry is one branch of knowledge that grew from human curiosity.
Knowledge of basic chemistry can help you make informed decisions.
9/12/2018
Dr Seemal Jelani Chem-100

7. Applied Chemistry vs. Pure Chemistry
Applied chemistry is used to attain a specific goal such as formulate a new paint.
Pure chemistry accumulates knowledge for its own sake.
This year, you will recognize many ways in which chemistry affects your life.
And maybe you’ll consider a career in chemistry!
9/12/2018
Dr Seemal Jelani Chem-100

8. Chemistry
9/12/2018
Dr Seemal Jelani Chem-100

9. Matter Matter = any material substance with Mass & Volume 9/12/2018
Dr Seemal Jelani Chem-100

10. Matter comes in 3 phases Solid Gas Liquid 9/12/2018
Dr Seemal Jelani Chem-100

11. Solid Definite Shape Definite Volume 9/12/2018
Dr Seemal Jelani Chem-100

12. Liquid Indefinite Shape – takes the shape of the container
Definite Volume
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Dr Seemal Jelani Chem-100

13. Gas Indefinite Shape – takes the shape of the container
Indefinite Volume – can expand and be compressed
9/12/2018
Dr Seemal Jelani Chem-100

14. Elements one of the 100+ pure substances
that make up everything in the universe
9/12/2018
Dr Seemal Jelani Chem-100

15. Examples of Elements Na = Sodium Ca = Calcium C = Carbon O = Oxygen K
= Potassium Kalium H
= Hydrogen I
= Iodine N
= Nitrogen Cl
= Chlorine S
= Sulfur P
= Phosphorus
9/12/2018
Dr Seemal Jelani Chem-100

16. Atom the smallest particle making up elements 9/12/2018
Dr Seemal Jelani Chem-100

17. Sub-atomic Particles Protons p+ - positive charge, in nucleus
Neutrons n0 – no charge, in nucleus
Electrons - e- negative charge, orbiting nucleus
9/12/2018
Dr Seemal Jelani Chem-100

18. Drawing an Atom of Carbon
12.011 6
Atomic No = p+ and e-
Carbon has 6 p+ and 6 e-
Atomic Mass
minus Atomic No = n0
Carbon has 6 n0
9/12/2018
Dr Seemal Jelani Chem-100

19. Drawing an Atom of Carbone- e-
6 p+
6 n0
9/12/2018
Dr Seemal Jelani Chem-100

20. Compounds
2 or more elements chemically combined to form a new substance with new properties
What is meant by Properties
The way a chemical substance looks and behaves
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Dr Seemal Jelani Chem-100

21. Compounds
They can be made of 2 or more different atoms combined to form Molecules H O
2H + O H2O =
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Dr Seemal Jelani Chem-100

22. lists the number of different atoms in a single molecule
Chemical formula
lists the number of different atoms in a single molecule
Structural formula
shows the arrangement of the atoms in a single molecule
9/12/2018
Dr Seemal Jelani Chem-100

23. Molecules Glucose Sugar C6H12O6 Chemical formula Structural formula C
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Dr Seemal Jelani Chem-100

24. Compounds or Generally come from the earth Generally simple molecules
Inorganic Compounds or
Organic Compounds
Always contain C & H and usually O, N, sometimes S & P
Originate in organisms
Generally complex molecules
Usually don’t contain Carbon
Generally come from the earth
Generally simple molecules
9/12/2018
Dr Seemal Jelani Chem-100

25. Examples of Inorganic Compounds
H + O
= H2O = Water
H + Cl
= HCl = Hydrochloric Acid
C +O
= CO2 = Carbon Dioxide
Na + Cl
= NaCl = Common Table Salt
9/12/2018
Dr Seemal Jelani Chem-100

26. Examples of Organic Compounds
C, H + O
Carbohydrates = Sugars, starches & cellulose
C, H + O
Lipids = Fats & Oils
C, H, O, N, & sometimes P + S
Proteins
C, H, O, N, + P
Nucleic Acids – DNA & RNA
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Dr Seemal Jelani Chem-100