1. 3D Facial Imaging Project
Tatiana Foroud
Elizabeth Moore
Richard Ward
Leah Wetherill
Li Shen
Jeffrey Rogers
Shiaofen Fang
Christian Klingenberg

2. Data Collection (as of December 2009)
Site
3D Images
(% of 12/31/09 target)
DNA
San Diego
110 (147%) 73
UCLA
38 (152%) 46
Atlanta
50 (80%) 12
Ukraine
30 (75%)
0 (no approval)
Cape Town
224 (100%)
225*
Totals
452
356
* Also obtained 218 DNA samples from the mothers and 52 DNA samples from the father. RNA also collected at this site for the subject

3. Goal 1: Improve understanding of the dysmorphic features in FAS
Fang et al, 2008
Automated facial recognition/ Machine learning
Clinical Diagnosis
Classification (CC)
FAS (+)
FAS (-)
FAS 32 4
Controls 6 25
Class. Rate
85.1%
Moore et al, 2007
Anthropometry measures
McLaughlin et al, under review Interactive feature visualization

4. Goal 1: Effectiveness of 3D Image for Diagnosis
#1: Compare classification rates when using computerized algorithm for diagnosis but input measurements from 3D image rather than dysmorphology exam
Focus on FAS vs. not alcohol exposed
#2: Compare classification rates using Astley algorithm and 3D image (novel algorithm and applied as with #1)

5. Comparison using data from South Africa
Goal 2: Enhance the capability of definitive diagnosis of fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) and the broader spectrum of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) at different stages of the lifespan
Comparison using data from South Africa
Each time point, age of sample is relatively homogenous
Time point 1 – average age 5 years
Time point 2 – average age 10 years
~90% of subjects seen at both time points

6. South Africa Dataset Subsample analysis of 45 subjects 15 FAS
15 heavily exposed (HE)
15 controls
FAS: Hoyme et al. revised IOM criteria
HE: drank a minimum of 1 oz absolute alcohol/day or at least 4 binges (at least 4 standard drinks or 2 oz absolute alcohol/occasion) during pregnancy.  The median was 6.7 drinks/occasion and median frequency of drinking was 53.2 days during pregnancy .
 Controls: mothers reported abstinence

7. South Africa Subsample FAS vs. Controls
Time point 1
Predictors
Minimal frontal
Sensitivity
85.7%
Specificity
83.3%
Overall correct classification rate
84.4%
Time point 2
Predictors
Lower facial depth
Sensitivity
86.7%
Specificity
93.3%
Overall correct classification rate
90.0%
Using model from other time point is never as good
as model derived from data at that time point

8. South Africa Subsample FASD vs. Controls
Time point 1
Predictors
Bitragal width
Sensitivity
70.0%
Specificity
78.6%
Overall correct classification rate
75%
Time point 2
Predictors
Nasal bridge length
Sensitivity
60%
Specificity
Overall correct classification rate
Classification rates lower at both time points,
but particularly at time point 2

9. South Africa Subsample Longitudinal Analyses
Preliminary longitudinal analyses
Focus on 3 groups
Compare change in size of anthropometric measures at two time points
Compensatory growth in some measures for the FAS and heavily exposed groups
Most measures remain smaller in the FAS and heavily exposed group as compared with controls

10. More change in measurements in control and HE then FAS

12. South Africa Subsample Longitudinal Analyses
Expand analysis to include all 224 subjects seen at recent visit
Utilize quantitative alcohol exposure measures to examine relationship between alcohol exposure and facial imaging
Pursue similar studies in the growing San Diego longitudinal sample

13. Face-Brain-Behavior dataset
Goal 3: Establish whether there is a relationship between FAS dysmorphic features and the specific underlying impairments in brain function
Face-Brain-Behavior dataset
Focusing on Phase II data which has more complete neurobehavioral assessment and brain imaging measures
Working with other projects to explore:
Alcohol exposed, without classification of FAS (no face) vs. FAS; vs no alcohol exposure
Examine face-brain; neurobehavior-brain

15. Correlation Between Cameras
Ensure cross camera correlation to combine images longitudinally
22 individuals imaged with both cameras
Measurements were highly correlated
Measurements from 3dMD were primarily smaller