1. THEORIES OF SOCIALISATION
Norms
Values

2. RECAP NORMS AND VALUES Where do norms and values come from?
Why are they important?
Why and how do they change over time?
Once established how are they maintained?
Why do different cultures maintain different norms and values?
Whose interests are best served by establishing norms and values? Individuals or dominant social groups?

3. define: Marxism Functionalism Interactionist Conflict Social Control
Learning Objective: By the end of this lesson I will be able to…

4. Socialisation process involves Social control
We are ‘shaped’ from childhood
We develop values and adopt norms which place limits on what is acceptable behaviour
We act (role play) in ways that is orderly and predictable in certain situations
Rules are supported by social sanctions
We have a choice whether to obey these rules.

5. SOCIAL CONTROL FORMAL INFORMAL Written rules/laws Apply to everyone
Attempts to ensure that the values and norms that operate within both cultures and subcultures are kept by the members of such groups
FORMAL
INFORMAL
Written rules/laws
Apply to everyone
Enforced by police, military etc
(jail, fines)
Unwritten rules
Apply to individual situations
Enforced by peers/family (ridicule, sarcasm, punch)

6. Give an example of a form of social control for each agency
Fit in with your friends
Obey school rules
Education
Peer groups
Media
Girls should be very thin
Obey all laws
The police
Religious belief
Obey your parents
Only marry one person at a time
Family
Work hard to succeed
Give an example of a form of social control for each agency
Work and careers

7. Education Peer groups Media The police Religious belief Family
Work and careers
Give an example of a form of social control for each agency

8. Structure Social Groups… Society Institutions Small Groups Individuals
Our relationships are based on (or structured by) both formal and informal rules. “Society” therefore, represents a totality of relationships that imposes rules upon our behaviour.
Structure
Social Groups…
Society
The largest group to which we usually belong…
Institutions
Small Groups
Institutions are stable patterns of group behaviour that persist over long periods of time
Individuals
Groups, such as families, peer and friendship groups, etc.
Individuals are active in creating social change through interactions, language and interpretation of meanings
Action
The main types of institutional groups in our society are:
Family and Kinship, Government, Work and cultural institutions such as the media, education, and religion.

9. Symbolic interactionism
Sociology /
Structural Theory
Action Theory
micro
macro
Consensus
Conflict
Interpretivism
Functionalism
Marxism
Feminism
Symbolic interactionism
Theory can be said to be like looking at society through different lenses – each give it a different perspective or appearance.

10. FUNCTIONALIST VIEW Emile Durkheim
If we all learn the norms and values of our society and accept them and keep them, this will make society predictable and stable. There should not be any great conflicts or civil wars. A society like this would be based on consensus –(agreement)
Emile Durkheim 10

11. MARXIST VIEW
If the norms and values are against our interests and suit those who are running society then there will be conflicts.
There are groups with different degrees of power, one group defending its wealth and power against the others.
Karl Marx 11

12. INTERACTIONIST VIEW G Mead http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6E66iDghFkg
People negotiate which moral standards are relevant to a particular situation.
People are not passive in the creation or maintenance of social order.
Our way of understanding the world is through a moral process
Critics of both Marxist and Functionalist views.
People are not constrained by moral codes (functionalist) nor are they constrained by the economic relationships (Marxist)
G Mead 12

13. Sociological perspective
Theorist
Level of analysis
Main Focus of theory
1. Interactionist
Social Action theory
George H Mead
Max Weber
Micro
Use of symbols, face to face interactions
2. Functionalism
Consensus theory
Talcott Parsons
Emile Durkheim
Macro
Relationship between the parts of society. How aspects of society are functional (adaptive)
2. Marxism
Conflict theory
Karl Marx
Competition for scarce resources, how the elite control the poor and weak

14. FEMINISTS Socialisation contributes to gender inequalities
Over simplified
Socialisation contributes to gender inequalities
Gender roles are socially constructed
Parents canalise their children by offering gender specific toys and activities
Gender stereotyping is reinforced in books, media etc.
Some children don’t accept
the gender stereotypes
presented in the media