1. Agenda 11.15.16 Warm-Ups: Reading + Chart Notes
Change is difficult. With an election coming in a year, we can see that we as a country are in for a lot of change.
Why do people have a hard time accepting change and new ideas? What are some risks included in embracing a new idea? What could happen if people do not accept the new ideas?
Reading + Chart
Notes

2. Underneath Your Warm-Ups…
From the warm-ups and the title: What do you think you will read about?
From the headings in the reading: What do you think you will read about?
From reading: What new ideas did you learn? Must list at least 6 things!

3. Enlightenment + Revolution, 1550-1789

4. The Makings of Modern Science
Before 1500, scholars generally decided what was true and false in the universe by referring to ancient Greek and Roman authors, or the Bible
The Medieval View
During the Middle Ages – believed the earth was an immovable object located at the center of the universe
The moon, sun and other planets revolved around the Earth
Common sense supported this view
Belief: Geocentric Theory – earth centered view of the universe
Belief originated from Aristotle
Ptolemy supported the idea
Christianity also backed the idea

5. Scientific Revolution
Change in European thought in the mid-1500s
Study of the natural world began to be characterized by careful observation and questioning previously accepted beliefs of ancient thinkers and the church
European exploration also fueled scientific research, especially in the areas of astronomy and mathematics

6. The Enlightenment
The Age of Reason that reached its height in the mid-1700s
Thinkers tried to apply reason and the scientific method to all aspects of society

7. Views on Government
OLD IDEA: The king’s or queen’s rule is justified by DIVINE RIGHT
REVIEW: What is Divine Right?
NEW IDEA: The government’s power comes from the consent of the governed… in other words, from ordinary people like you and me
Divine Right: The idea that monarchs are God’s representatives on earth and answer only to God

8. Philosophes What are the philosophes?
What 5 important concepts made up the philosophes’ philosophy?
French social critics of the Enlightenment who believed that reason could be applied to all aspects of life
Reason – could be applied to all aspects of life
Nature – what was natural was good
Happiness – if you lived by nature’s laws you would be happy
Progress – believed society & humankind could be perfected
Liberty – through reason, society could be set free

9. Spread of Enlightenment Ideas
Salons: social gathering of intellectuals held in the homes of wealthy women in Paris and other European cities during the Enlightenment
Encyclopedia: brought together most current ideas about science, technology, art, politics
Which class was most influenced by Enlightenment ideas?
The Middle Class… WHY?

10. Changing Styles Neoclassical Baroque Art of the late 1700s
Emphasis on order and balance
Borrowed simple, elegant ideas from the Greeks and Romans
Music of Mozart and Beethoven (classical music)
Baroque
Art of the 1600s and early 1700s
Grand style (example: Palace of Versailles)
Dramatic music of Bach and Handel

11. The Palace of Versailles
Baroque Architecture
The Palace of Versailles

12. Neoclassical Architecture

13. Neoclassical Architecture

14. Enlightened Despots Enlightened Despots
Monarchs who embraced the new ideas and made reforms that reflected the Enlightenment spirit
Had no intention of giving up power, but wanted to make their countries stronger and wanted to rule more effectively

15. Enlightened Despots Catherine the Great of Russia
Proposed to allow religious freedom and abolish torture in Russia (it didn’t happen…)
Favored an end to serfdom until a peasant uprising convinced her she needed the nobles’ support to remain in power
Frederick the Great of Prussia
Granted religious freedoms
Reduced censorship
Improved education
Abolished torture
Saw himself as the first servant of the state
DID NOT end serfdom even though he believed it was wrong

16. Key Ideas of the Enlightenment
THINKER
Natural Rights
Locke
Separation of Powers
Montesquieu
Freedom of Thought and Expression
Voltaire
Religious Freedom
Women’s Equality
Wollstonecraft

17. Agenda 11.12.15 Warm-Ups Finish Notes? Start Thinkers
Using your notes and/or the reading you got on Tuesday, explain what the Enlightenment and philosophes are in 2-3 sentences.
When you are done with your warm-ups, get out your notes from Tuesday
Finish Notes?
Start Thinkers

18. Thinkers Stations
In your groups, you will be visiting different stations and filling in the chart provided for each of the thinkers listed
Leave the quote section blank for now – we will fill these in at the end of the day tomorrow

19. Thinkers Stations Answers
Thomas Hobbes
John Locke

20. Thinkers Stations
Voltaire
Montesquieu

21. Thinkers Stations
Rousseau
Beccaria

22. Thinkers Stations
Wollstonecraft

23. In Your Groups…
Discuss the following and be prepared to discuss as a class:
How might this political situation affect Ukrainian civilians and their everyday lives?
What might happen if Ukraine joins the EU? Why?
What might happen if Ukraine stays tied to Russia? Why?
What role does the US currently play in this conflict?
Should the US be involved in this conflict? Why or why not?