1. Vocabulary
Prototype: A preliminary sketch of an idea or model for something new. It’s the original drawing from which something real might be built or created.
Binary - A way of representing information using only two options.
Bit - A contraction of "Binary Digit". A bit is the single unit of information in a computer, typically represented as a 0 or 1.
Bandwidth - Transmission capacity measure by bit rate
Bit rate - (sometimes written bitrate) the number of bits that are conveyed or processed per unit of time. e.g. 8 bits/sec.
Latency - Time it takes for a bit to travel from its sender to its receiver.
Protocol - A set of rules governing the exchange or transmission of data between devices.

2. U1L7: Encoding and Sending Formatted Text
CS Principles
U1L7: Encoding and Sending Formatted Text

3. U1L7: Encoding and Sending Formatted Text Objective
Students will be able to:
Describe the ASCII encoding scheme.
Design/invent a protocol for sending formatted text using the Internet Simulator.
Invent a text formatting language.
Explain the connection between binary and more complex encodings of formatted text

4. Vocabulary
ASCII - American Standard Code for Information Interchange; the universally recognized raw text format that any computer can understand
code - (v) to write code, or to write instructions for a computer.
Protocol - A set of rules governing the exchange or transmission of data between devices.

5. U1L7 Prompt:
“One of the most powerful uses of the internet is sending text to people. Since the internet can only send bits around we need a way to encode text with bits..."
"If it were up to you, how would you encode text in binary? Quickly, jot down an idea for encoding text.“
Hint: think about how you encoded the coordinates. Could you change your protocol to include letters and numbers? What impact would this have on your bits/chunk?

6. ASCII
You just invented your own scheme for encoding text with numbers. It turns out that there is a standard encoding for most of the symbols you can type on an American keyboard.
That encoding is called the American Standard Code for Information Interchange or ASCII (pronoucned: “Ask-ee”).
Follow the below to see an example of an ASCII encoding table.

7. THE ASCII TABLE
ASCII codes were originally 7 bits long and so there are 128 possible values.
0-31 are “control characters” that are largely defunct and go unused; they were formerly used to control various aspects of machines and printers.
are printable characters and include the numbers 0-9, all 26 letters (both lowercase and uppercase), and many common punctuation symbols.
127 is the symbol for delete.
Over time, 8 bits became a standard “chunk-size” for encoding information. ASCII made the transition to this 8-bit encoding by just adding an extra 0 to the front of the old 7-bit codes.

8. U1L7 Study Guide
Formatting Text Challenge: Create a protocol for encoding formatted text
Introduction:
"What if you wanted to send formatted text that included things like the ability to underline, bold, or italicize words....specify a different font size, or color?"
Things like this:
Today your challenge is to (you may work in groups of 2 or 3):
Invent a protocol for sending formatted text
Use the Internet Simulator to test out your protocol.
You will also notice that the Internet Simulator has been updated so that you can now type ASCII text characters to send.