1. Super Cows – Belgian Blue Cattle

2. KEY CONCEPT Organisms can be cloned using a nuclear transfer process.

3. A clone is a genetically identical copy of a gene or of an organism.

4. Cloning occurs in nature.
bacteria (binary fission)
some plants (from roots vegetative runners)
some simple animals (budding, regeneration)

5. Cloning has potential benefits.
organs for transplant into humans
save endangered species
Cloning raises concerns.
low success rate
clones “imperfect” and less healthy than original animal
decreased biodiversity

6. Mammals can be cloned through a process called nuclear transfer.
nucleus is removed from an egg cell (enucleation)
nucleus of a differentiated cell (somatic) from the animal to be cloned is implanted in the egg

7. Enucleating the egg – Nuclear transfer
Nuclear Transfer Animation
Nuclear Transfer Actual Footage

9. Cloning Animation

10. Dolly the Sheep

11. Why was Dolly a Breakthrough?
1st successful live birth of a clone
Used a mammary cell (differentiated cell)
Previously scientists thought only stem cells could be used
Gave birth to a health offspring

12. Let’s Clone a Mouse!