1. 3.1.6 Immunology Review
L.O:
To recall the second and third lines of defence
Oh! What’s occurring?

2. Defense Mechanisms Non-specific Specific Physical Barrier
Response is immediate and the same for all pathogens
Specific
Response is slower and specific to each pathogen
Physical Barrier
(skin, acid in stomach)
Cell-mediated
Response
(T lymphocytes)
Humoral
Response
(B lymphocytes)
Phagocytosis

3. Specific Response – Cell-mediated
When phagocytes engulf and break down the pathogen...
They ‘present’ the antigens on their cell membrane
The antigen fit exactly into receptors on certain T helper cells, which activates other T cells.

4. Specific Response – Cell-mediated
These activated T cells begin rapidly dividing by mitosis, creating clones
Some of the cloned T-Cells develop into memory cells for a faster response if infected by the same pathogen in future.
Others become cytotoxic killer T-cells, stimulate phagocytes to engulf pathogens or stimulate B cells to divide.

5. Specific Response – Cell-mediated
Perforin – a protein that knocks holes in the cell membrane
Killer T-cell
Infected body cell (antigen-presenting)

6. The pathogens end up in a vesicle called a____________
The pathogens end up in a vesicle called a____________. Other organelles called ___________ release digestive enzymes into it.
Invading pathogens are engulfed by _____________ in a process called _______________.
The ___________ are displayed on the cell surface. The __________ has become an ________________.
Certain T helper cells that have a specific receptor for the ____________ cause other T-cells to become activated.
The cloned T cells:
develop into _________
stimulate phagocytes
stimulate ____________
or become __________ which kill infected body cells
The activated T-cells divide rapidly by _________ and create ___________.

7. Specific Response – Humoral
T-helper cells (already activated) attach to the antigens and activate the B-cells
B-cells process and present antigens from invading pathogens
The activated B-cells divide by mitosis. They also specialise into memory cells and plasma cells

8. Specific Response – Humoral
Plasma cells – produce antibodies
Specific proteins that kill pathogens
Primary immune response
Neutralisation – neutralise toxins or stop pathogens from entering cells
Agglutination – stick the pathogens together – easier for phagocytes to round them up!

9. Specific Response – Humoral
Memory cells
Can live for decades! Much longer than plasma cells
If they encounter the same pathogen – divide and become plasma cells
Secondary immune response (very fast)

10. Specific Response – Humoral
Explain this graph

11. Hold up your ‘B’ or ‘True’ card or both!
B or T? or Both?
Made in the thymus
Hold up your ‘B’ or ‘True’ card or both!

12. T-Cells
Made in the thymus

13. Hold up your ‘B’ or ‘True’ card or both!
B or T? or Both?
Divide by mitosis
Hold up your ‘B’ or ‘True’ card or both!

14. Both!
Divide by mitosis

15. Part of humoral immunity
B or T? or Both?
Part of humoral immunity
Hold up your ‘B’ or ‘True’ card or both!

16. Part of humoral immunity
B-Cells
Part of humoral immunity

17. Hold up your ‘B’ or ‘True’ card or both!
B or T? or Both?
Made in the bone marrow
Hold up your ‘B’ or ‘True’ card or both!

18. B-Cells
Made in the bone marrow

19. Respond to antigen-presenting phagocytes
B or T? or Both?
Respond to antigen-presenting phagocytes
Hold up your ‘B’ or ‘True’ card or both!

20. Respond to antigen-presenting phagocytes
T-Cells
Respond to antigen-presenting phagocytes

21. Part of cell-mediated immunity
B or T? or Both?
Part of cell-mediated immunity
Hold up your ‘B’ or ‘True’ card or both!

22. Part of cell-mediated immunity
T-Cells
Part of cell-mediated immunity

23. Hold up your ‘B’ or ‘True’ card or both!
B or T? or Both?
Secrete antibodies
Hold up your ‘B’ or ‘True’ card or both!

24. Hold up your ‘B’ or ‘True’ card or both!
B-Cells
Secrete antibodies
Hold up your ‘B’ or ‘True’ card or both!

25. Specification 3.1.1 and 3.1.6: Disease and Immunology
I can explain where pathogens are likely to penetrate the body’s defences and how they cause disease
I can describe key lifestyle risk factors associated with cancer and CHD
I understand that changes in lifestyle can lead to a reduced risk of developing these diseases.
I can distinguish between correlations and causal relationships
I can describe the process of phagocytosis
I know how antibodies interact with antigens as part of the immune response
I can explain the differences between the humoral and cellular immune response
I can explain what a vaccine is and how it protects individuals and populations against disease
I understand the effects of antigenic variability in pathogens on immunity
I can describe how monoclonal antibodies enable specific targeting of substances and cells
I can discuss ethical issues associated with the use of vaccines and monoclonal antibodies

26. Highlight each square you CAN do
Learning Wall
I can explain where pathogens are likely to penetrate the body’s defences and how they cause disease
I can describe key lifestyle risk factors associated with cancer and CHD
I understand that changes in lifestyle can lead to a reduced risk of developing these diseases.
I can distinguish between correlations and causal relationships
I can describe the process of phagocytosis
I know how antibodies interact with antigens as part of the immune response
I can explain the differences between the humoral and cellular immune response
I can explain what a vaccine is and how it protects individuals and populations against disease
I understand the effects of antigenic variability in pathogens on immunity
I can describe how monoclonal antibodies enable specific targeting of substances and cells
I can discuss ethical issues associated with the use of vaccines and monoclonal antibodies
Highlight each square you CAN do

27. http://highered. mcgraw-hill

28. Bingo!
Draw a 3 x 3 grid and choose 9 of the words below: Pathogen, phagocyte, lysosome, phagolysosome, humoral, cell-mediated, T-helper cells, B-plasma cells, mitosis, B-memory cells, antibodies, antigen, vaccination,