1. Excretory system

2. Excretion
The process of removing waste produced in the cells of living organism.
Ammonotelism
Ammonia
Aquatic invertebrates, bony fishes, aquatic amphibians, tadpoles, aquatic insects
Ureotelism
Urea
Terrestrial and semi-aquatic amphibians, cartilaginous fishes, aquatic/semi aquatic reptiles
Uricotelism
Uric acid
Birds, terrestrial reptiles, insects, land snails, some land crustaceans.

3. Human excretory system
A pair of kidneys
One pair of ureters
A urinary bladder
Urethra

4. Human excretory system
kidneys
Ureters
Urinary bladder
Urethra

5. Kidney-structure Reddish brown Bean-shaped 10-12 cm length
5-7 cm width, 2-3 cm thick
150 gms average weight-male
135 gms average weight-female

6. Location of kidney

7. Anatomy of kidney

8. Enclosed in a tough, three-layered fibrous capsule.
Anatomy of kidney
Enclosed in a tough, three-layered fibrous capsule.
Concave side-Opening-hilum/hilus.
Hilum leads to funnel shaped cavity-Renal pelvis
Projections-calyces(major and minor)
Outer dark region-cortex
Inner lighter region-medulla.
Medulla-conical projections-renal pyramids(medullary pyramids) minor calyces
Major calyces –funnel shaped structure renal pelvis ureter

9. Between the medullary pyramids-cortex extends into medulla-renal column-Columns of Bertini

10. Structure of nephron 2.Renal tubule
1.Malpighian corpuscle (Renal Corpuscle)
cortex
Malpighian corpuscle
renal tubules
medulla

11. Peritubular capillaries, vasa recta & ducts of Bellini

12. Role of liver in excretion
Excretion of cholesterol, steroid hormones, vitamins, drugs and other waste materials through bile.
Ornithine cycle-converts ammonia into urea
Hemoglobin waste- bile pigments-bilirubin and biliverdin

13. Role of skin in excretion