1. Warm-Up
In your own words, explain how you can determine if a substance is a metal, nonmetal, or metalloid.
2 sentences minimum!

2. MIXTURES

3. What is a mixture?
Mixture – matter that consists of two or more substances together that are not chemically combined

4. Mixture properties
Substances in a mixture keep their separate identities and most of their own properties.
Substances in a mixture may change in physical appearance when they dissolve
Some properties may also change (melting point or boiling point)
No change in chemical composition!

5. Mixture properties
Substances in a mixture can be present in any amount
Since substances in a mixture retain their original properties, they can be separated out by physical means.
All methods are based on the physical properties of the mixture

6. Mixture properties
Ex:
Sorting
Sifting
Filtering
Evaporation

7. Heterogeneous A mixture that does not seem to be the same throughout
Sometimes particles are large enough to be seen apart from the mixture Ex
Fruit salad
Pizza
Granite
Asphalt

8. Heterogeneous
When some mixtures are well shaken, the particles may seem uniform throughout, but they will settle when allowed to stand still Ex
Salad dressing
Natural peanut butter
Salt-water (saturated)

9. homogeneous Mixture that appears to be the same throughout
Also called solutions
Particles are very small, not easily recognized and evenly spread
Particles DO NOT settle when the mixture is allowed to stand

10. homogeneous Ex
Pulp-free orange juice
Coffee
Ketchup
Perfume
Alloys

11. solutions Solvent - substance that the solute dissolves in
Solute - particle that is dissolving
As in any mixture, the substances making up the solution retain most of their original properties
Solutions can exist in any of the 3 states of matter

12. solutions Solid solutions: Liquid solutions Gaseous solution: air
metal alloys (steel, bronze)
Liquid solutions
Solid in liquid: salt water
Liquid in liquid: antifreeze in water, food coloring in water
Gas in liquid: CO2 in soda
Gaseous solution: air

13. Practice!!

14. Heterogeneous Mixture
Practice!!
Heterogeneous Mixture
Homogeneous Mixture
Gravel
Soil
Bowl of cereal
Trail mix
Asphalt
Fruit salad
Pudding
Ketchup
Steel
Brass
Sugar water
Toothpaste
Dr. Pepper
Maple syrup
Grape juice

15. Separating mixtures

16. filtration
Filtration uses a porous barrier to separate a solid from a liquid.

17. filtration
Filtrate – liquid product

18. filtration This method could be used to separate: Sand and water
Precipitate from a solution
Solid from any liquid (heterogeneous)

19. distillation
Distillation separates mixtures based on different boiling points of the components

20. distillation
Component with the lowest boiling point will evaporate first and is then condensed in a separate container

21. distillation This method could be used to separate: Ethanol and water
Salt and water
Homogeneous (liquid and liquid, solid and liquid)

22. crystallization
Crystallization separates pure solid solute particles from a saturated solution

23. crystallization
In this method, the solution is boiled and then allowed to slowly cool undisturbed.

24. crystallization This method is used to separate:
Sugar and water (rock candy)
Homogeneous (solid and liquid)

25. chromatography
Chromatography separates mixture components based on their tendency to travel across the surface of another material.

26. chromatography This method could be used to separate: Inks in a pen
Proteins
Homogeneous (liquid and liquid, solid and solid, solid and liquid)