1. English Civil War & Glorious Revolution
Divine Right of Kings…to…Constitutional Monarchy

2. But First…
Let’s Flip

3. SAQ (12 minutes)
Briefly explain why ONE of the following nations’ governments best embodies the idea of an absolutist monarchy in the 17th and early 18th centuries (Use an example of a policy from ONE specific monarch to support your argument)
France, Prussia, Russia, or Austria
Briefly explain why ONE of the other nations in the list above represents a less successful example of absolute monarchy.
Briefly explain ONE way in which absolutism differed between Central/Eastern and Western Europe.

4. England: The Stuarts
Elizabeth I hand picks James VI of Scotland…now James I
James I
Pisses off Puritans, including many gentry
Charles I
Petition of Right
11 Year Tyranny
Tried to arrest radical members of Parliament
Civil War

5. The Commonwealth of England (Cromwell’s rule)
English Civil War ( )
Oliver Cromwell
Charles I
Religion
Puritans
Anglican (but sorta Catholic)
Army
Roundheads
Cavaliers
Result
Wins, becomes “Lord Protector”
Loses, is beheaded
Things they did as head of England
Rump Parliament
11 Year Tyranny
The Commonwealth of England (Cromwell’s rule)
…wasn’t much fun

6. Restoration
Charles II: Invited back. Restored Anglican Church but sympathetic towards Catholics
James II: Catholic
Has a son…which scares Parliament…so…

7. Glorious Revolution (1688 *Hub*)
William of Orange and Mary are invited to invade England
James II flees to France (which is Catholic)
English Bill of Rights passed
**ESTABLISHES CONSTITUTIONAL MONARCHY AND POPULAR SOVEREIGNTY**

8. Mannerism
( )

9. The Changing Role of the Artist
Giorgio Vasari’s Lives of the Artists, 1568.
He believed that the artist was no longer just a member of a crafts guild.
The artist was an equal in the courts of Europe with scholars, poets, and humanists.
Therefore, the artist should be recognized and rewarded for his unique artistic technique [maneria].

10. Background Late Renaissance [Pre-Baroque].
Art was at an impasse after the perfection and harmony of the Renaissance.
Antithetical to the principles of the High Renaissance.
From the Italian de maneria.
A work of art done in the artist’s characteristic “touch” or recognizable “manner.”
First used by the German art historian, Heinrich Wölfflin in the early 20c.
Influenced by Michelangelo’s later works.

11. Michelangelo’s “Last Judgment” (Sistine Chapel)

12. Michelangelo’s “Last Judgment” (Sistine Chapel – left side)

13. Michelangelo’s “Last Judgment” (Sistine Chapel – right side)

14. Features of
Mannerism

15. 1. Replace Harmony With Dissonance & Discord
“Susanna & the Elders”
Alessandro Allori
Twisted bodies or “weight shift” [contrapposto]

16. 2. Replace Reason with Emotion
“Pietà” by Rosso Fiorentino

17. “Pietà” by El Greco

18. 3. Replace Reality with Imagination
“The Mystic Marriage of St. Catherine”
Parmigianino

19. “Charity”
Andrea del Sarto
1518
An allegory of the French royal family.

20. 4. Create Instability Instead of Equilibrium
“The Rape of Helene”
Francesco Primaticcio

21. 5. Bodies Are Distorted “Christ in Agony on the Cross” El Greco 1600s.
An attempt to express the religious tensions of the times.

22. “Adoration of the Name of Jesus”
El Greco

23. “Adoration of the Name of Jesus” (details)
Philip II of Spain
El Greco

24. “The Baptism of Christ”
El Greco

25. “Portrait of a Cardinal”
El Greco
1600

26. “St. Jerome” by El Greco

27. 6. Colors are Lurid
“The Tempest”
Giorgione
1510

28. “The Calling of St. Matthew”
Caravaggio

29. “The View from Toledo”
El Greco
1597

30. 7. Pictoral Space is Crowded
“Madonna with the Long Neck”
Parmagianino

31. “Joseph in Egypt”
Jacomo Pontormo

32. “The Last Supper”
Tintoretto
1594

33. 8. A Void in the Center
“Bacchus & Ariadne”
Titian ?

34. “Pastoral Concert”
Giorgione ?

35. 9. Hanging Figures
“The Annunciation”
Jacopo Tintoretto

36. “Moses Drawing Water form the Rock”
Jacopo Tintoretto
1577

37. Baroque
Art &
Architecture

38. Baroque
1600 – 1750.
From a Portuguese word “barocca”, meaning “a pearl of irregular shape.”
Implies strangeness, irregularity, and extravagance.
The more dramatic, the better!

39. Baroque Style of Art & Architecture
Dramatic, emotional.
Colors were brighter than bright; darks were darker than dark.
Counter-Reformation art.
Paintings & sculptures in church contexts should speak to the illiterate rather than to the well-informed.
Ecclesiastical art --> appeal to emotions. .

40. Counter-Reformation
Church
Art &
Architecture

41. St. Peter’s Basilica, Vatican City by Gialorenzo Bernini

42. Church of Santiago de Compostella, Spain

43. Church of Veltenberg Altar, Germany

44. “The Assumption of the Virgin Mary” Egid Quirim Asam, 1692-1750

45. Altar of Mercy, Germany, 1764

46. “St. Francis in Ecstasy” Caravaggio, 1595

47. “The Flagellation of Christ” by Caravaggio

48. “David and Goliath” by Caravaggio

49. “Salome with the Head of the Baptist” by Caravaggio

50. “The Cardsharps” Caravaggio, 1595

51. “The Dead Christ Mourned” Annibale Carracci, 1603

52. “The Virgin Appearing to St. Hyacinthe” Lodovico Carracci 1594

53. “Joseph’s Bloody Coat Brought to Jacob” Diego Velázquez, 1630

54. “Christ on the Cross” Diego Velázquez, 1632

55. “Las Meninas” Diego Velázquez 1656

56. “St. Francis in Meditation” Francisco de Zurbarán

57. “St. Bonaventure on His Deathbed” Francisco de Zurbarán, 1629

58. “The Elevation of the Cross” by Peter Paul Reubens 1610-11

59. “The Lamentation” by Peter Paul Reubens 1609-11

60. “Battle of the Amazons” Peter Paul Reubens

61. “A Village Fête” Peter Paul Reubens

62. “The Garden of Love” Peter Paul Reubens, 1630-32

63. “The Ecstasy of St. Theresa of Avila” by Gianlorenzo Bernini 1647-52

64. Atemisia Gentileschi, Female Painter

65. LEQ Quickfire
Choose two leaders from the following countries, and evaluate the extent to which each successfully developed absolute monarchies.
Prussia
Russia
France
Austria