1. The First Art Movements of Photography Pictorialism ‘The New Photography’

2. PICTORIALISM
Pictorialism was an international fine art photography movement from the 1890s to the 1930s.
For a Pictorialist, a photograph should look like a painting, a print or a drawing, and resemble Impressionist and Symbolist art.
Pictorialists used elaborate printing techniques to make their photographs look like “art”

3. The earlier, Victorian photographer Julia Margaret Cameron was an inspiration for Pictorialist artists.
Julia Margaret Cameron, The Echo 1868

4. Gertrude Kasebier,
Portrait of actress Evelyn Nesbit, 1902
Julia Margaret Cameron, The Echo 1868

5. Gertrude Kasebier,
Portrait of actress Evelyn Nesbit, 1902
Gertrude Kasebier, Blessed Art Thou Among Women. Platinum print 1899

6. This image depicts the Victorian ideals of motherhood and femininity.
Gertrude Kasebier made highly symbolic pictures that were staged for the camera.
This image depicts the Victorian ideals of motherhood and femininity.
Gertrude Kasebier, Blessed Art Thou Among Women. Platinum print 1899

7. Heinrich Kühn, The Mirror, 1911
photogravure
Gertrude Kasebier, Blessed Art Thou Among Women. Platinum print, 1899

8. Edward Steichen, Torso, Paris. 1902
photogravure
Heinrich Kühn, The Mirror, 1911
photogravure

9. Edward Steichen, The Big White Cloud, Lake George, 1903. Carbon print
Edward Steichen, Torso, Paris. 1902
photogravure

10. Edward Steichen, The Flatiron 1904, Gum bichromate over platinum print
Edward Steichen, The Big White Cloud, Lake George, Carbon print
Edward Steichen, The Flatiron 1904, Gum bichromate over platinum print

11. “Steichen added color to the platinum print that forms the foundation of this photograph by using layers of pigment suspended in a light-sensitive solution of gum arabic and potassium bichromate.
Indebted in its composition to the Japanese woodcuts that were in vogue at the turn of the century and in its coloristic effect to the "Nocturnes" of Whistler.”
Metropolitan Museum, New York
Edward Steichen, The Flatiron 1904, Gum bichromate over platinum print

12. Hiroshige, The 53 Stations of the
Tokkaido Road, 1855
Whistler, Nocturne in Black and Gold 1873

13. Hiroshige, The 53 Stations of the
Tokkaido Road, 1855
Alvin Langdon Coburn, from London 1910

14. Alvin Langdon Coburn was a Pictorialist photographer influenced by Impressionism and Japanese woodcuts.
He used a telephoto lens to flatten perspective and make his compositions more graphic.
Alvin Langdon Coburn, from London 1910
Alvin Langdon Coburn, from London 1910

15. Alvin Langdon Coburn, from London 1910

16. Alvin Langdon Coburn, from London 1910

17. Alvin Langdon Coburn, from London 1910

18. Harold Casneux, Steam and Sunshine, 1935
In Pictorialism, even an industrial subject is made into a soft, dreamy art image.
Harold Casneaux was Australia’s leading Pictorialist, and one of our greatest photographers.
Harold Casneux, Steam and Sunshine, 1935

19. Harold Casneux, Steam and Sunshine, 1935
John Kaufmann, The Street Corner 1914

20. John Kaufmann, The Street Corner 1914
Jack Cato, Through a Collins Street Window

21. Alfred Stieglitz, The Steerage, 1907
This photograph has fascinated
photographers for 100 years because it is so well designed and is so open to interpretation.
Alfred Stieglitz, The Steerage, 1907

22. Alfred Stieglitz, The Steerage, 1907
The madonna figure amongst the poor passengers in the bottom section gives the picture a symbolic quality. She resembles depictions of Mary, the mother of Christ.
The bright gangplank separates the poorer steerage passengers below from the better-off ones above. This suggests the class divisions of society.
Alfred Stieglitz, The Steerage, 1907

23. Alfred Stieglitz, The Steerage, 1907
Its tight geometric structure and flattened depth predicts the coming of modernism and abstraction in photography.
Alfred Stieglitz, The Steerage, 1907

24. Eugene Atget was a commercial photographer in Paris in the the first decades of the 20th century.
He documented the buildings and streets of Paris for clients who wanted visual information about the city, historians, architects, designers, collectors etc.
Atget, Rue de Seine, 1924

25. Atget, Notre Dame, 1926
Atget, Rue de Seine, 1924

26. Atget, Notre Dame, 1926
Atget, Saint Cloud, 1924

27. Atget, Parc Monceau, 1926
Atget, Saint Cloud, 1924

28. Before he died in 1927, Atget prints were collected by the Surrealist artists.
Although he did not intend it, they found the strange, dreamlike photography similar to their Surrealist art.
Atget, Avenue des Gobelins, 1926

29. Atget, Avenue des Gobelins, 1925

30. Atget, Parc Monceau, 1926

31. The New Photography

32. THE NEW PHOTOGRAPHY
In the 1920s and '30s unconventional new forms and techniques suddenly appeared in photography.
unusual camera angles
moving cameras and subjects
the use of small cameras, especially the Leica
new techniques such as photomontage and photogram
This approach was promoted in the German Bauhaus school and in the Constructivist movement in Russia.

33. What is the subject of this photograph?
Moholy-Nagy was an abstract painter, designer and photographer.
He photographed a park from a high angle, emphasizing its abstract qualities.
Laszlo Moholy-Nagy,
From the radio tower 1928

34. Laszlo Moholy-Nagy, abstract painting, 1922
From the radio tower 1928

35. Boris Ignatovich, Construction Site, 1929
Laszlo Moholy-Nagy,
From the radio tower 1928

36. Boris Ignatovich, Construction Site, 1929
Rodchenko, Fire escape, 1929

37. Film and Foto, Exhibition poster 1929
Rodchenko, Fire escape, 1929

38. Film and Foto, Exhibition poster 1929
Rodchenko, Young Pioneer , 1929

39. Lucia Moholy, Franz Roh, 1926
Rodchenko, Young Pioneer , 1929

40. Higher speed films were making faster shutter speeds possible.
A high speed film in the 1920s was 100 ISO.
Martin Munkacsi, Liberia, 1931

41. Willi Ruge, The Photographer, 1931
Small portable cameras like the new 35mm Leica, took photography into new situations.
Willi Ruge, The Photographer, 1931

42. Leica advertisement, c1930
Willi Ruge, The Photographer, 1931

43. Industrial and architectural photography also reflected the aesthetic of The New Photography: clear, factual and well-designed
Albert Renger-Patszch, Iron and Steel, book

44. Albert Renger-Patszch, Iron and Steel

45. Albert Renger-Patszch

46. Portraiture changed from the romantic style of Pictorialism to a more straightforward approach, called The New Objectivity.
August Sander photographed in a simple, factual style, creating a cross-section of the German population through portraits.
August Sander, Bricklayer, c1928

47. Portraiture changed from the romantic style of Pictorialism to a more straightforward approach, called The New Objectivity.
August Sander photographed in a simple, factual style, creating a cross-section of the German population through portraits.
August Sander, Bricklayer, c1928

48. Portraiture changed from the romantic style of Pictorialism to a more straightforward approach, called The New Objectivity.
August Sander photographed in a simple, factual style, creating a cross-section of the German population through portraits.
August Sander, Bricklayer, c1928

49. Portraiture changed from the romantic style of Pictorialism to a more straightforward approach, called The New Objectivity.
August Sander photographed in a simple, factual style, creating a cross-section of the German population through portraits.
August Sander, Bricklayer, c1928

50. One of the great portrait photographers was August Sander
August Sander, Secretary, 1928
August Sander, Bricklayer, c1928

51. One of the great portrait photographers was August Sander
August Sander, Secretary, 1928
August Sander, painter, 1928

52. August Sander, Soldier, 1936
August Sander, painter, 1928

53. The New Photography in Australia
Max Dupain, Silos through Windscreen, 1935

54. The New Photography in Australia
Max Dupain, Silos through Windscreen, 1935

55. Max Dupain, Pyrmont, 1935
Max Dupain, Silos through Windscreen, 1935

56. He specialized in industrial photography
Wolfgang Sievers continued the modernist aesthetic throughout his long career.
He specialized in industrial photography
Gears for Mining Industry, 1960

57. Sulphuric acid plant Hobart, 1959
Gears for Mining Industry, 1960