1. SOL REVIEW African-American History

2. What group did Europeans force to come to the Americas?
Africans

3. What trade pattern brought African-Americans to the English colonies?
The Triangular Trade

4. What was the name of the forced voyage of African slaves from their homes to the New World?
The Middle Passage

5. According to the SOLs, what were the 3 points in the Triangular Trade?
New England colonies
the West Indies
Africa

6. What was the three-fifths compromise?

7. A compromise between the northern states and the southern states at the Constitutional Convention.
Slaves would count as 3/5 of a person in figuring the slave states’ population for representation in the House of Representatives.

8. Define abolitionists.
People who wanted to abolish (end) slavery immediately

9. Who was one of the most important abolitionist leaders?
William Lloyd Garrison

10. What was the name of the antislavery newspaper in Boston?
The Liberator

11. Who wrote Uncle Tom’s Cabin?
Harriet Beecher Stowe

12. Describe Uncle Tom’s Cabin.
An antislavery novel
Told the cruelties of slavery

13. Who was Gabriel Prosser?

14. African-American slave
Planned a slave revolt in Richmond, Va.
Revolt crushed by Va. militia
Prosser and 35 slaves were executed

15. Who was Nat Turner?

16. An African-American slave
Led a slave revolt in Southampton County, Va.
Killed 55 whites
100+ blacks were killed
Turner was captured and executed

17. What was the Supreme Court’s decision in the Dred Scott case?

18. Since Dred Scott was a slave, he could not sue in federal court
African-Americans were not citizens of the United States
Since Congress had no power to prohibit slavery in the territories, the Missouri Compromise was unconstitutional

19. What did the Dred Scott decision say about the Missouri Compromise?
The Missouri Compromise was unconstitutional.

20. In Dred Scott v. Sandford did the Supreme Court rule that Scott should remain a slave or gain his freedom?
Remain a slave

21. Identify Frederick Douglass.

22. Former African-American slave
Important black abolitionist
Encouraged President Lincoln to recruit former slaves to fight in the Union army

23. What did the Emancipation Proclamation do?
Freed all slaves who lived in states still in rebellion on Jan. 1, 1863

24. Identify the 13th Amendment.
Freed the Slaves

25. Identify 14th Amendment. Granted citizenship to African-Americans
Forbid the states from denying any American “equal protection of the laws”

26. Identify the 15th Amendment.
Gave African-American males the right to vote

27. What are the key words to remember the Reconstruction Amendments?
13th = Freedom
14th = Citizenship
15th = Vote

28. What was the “Jim Crow Era”?
The period (late 1800s to mid-1960s) when the Southern states required racial segregation in public schools, transportation and other public facilities.

29. For what is “Jim Crow” a synonym?
Racial Segregation

30. The right to serve on juries
What political rights did African-Americans lose during the “Jim Crow Era”?
The right to vote
The right to serve on juries

31. Define racial segregation.
Separation of the races
In the South, separation of blacks and whites

32. What type of education did Booker T
What type of education did Booker T. Washington advocate (call for/support) for African-Americans?
Vocational education

33. How did the Supreme Court rule in 1896 in the case of Plessy v
How did the Supreme Court rule in 1896 in the case of Plessy v. Ferguson?
Racial segregation was constitutional (legal).

34. What doctrine was established by the Supreme Court’s decision in Plessy v. Ferguson?
The “Separate But Equal” Doctrine

35. What does racial segregation mean?
Separation of the races

36. For what does NAACP stand?
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People

37. What were three ideas in Booker T
What were three ideas in Booker T. Washington’s philosophy for the advancement of African-Americans?
1) Vocational Education; 2) Self-Help; 3) Economic Success

38. What were W.E.B. DuBois’ ideas for the advancement of African-Americans?
Legal Rights and Political Equality for African-Americans NOW!

39. Identify the Plessy v. Ferguson decision.
“Separate but equal” facilities were constitutional
Racial segregation was legal

40. For what 2 things did the NAACP work?
End legal segregation in the South
Gain the right to vote for African-Americans in the South

41. Who was an early leader of the NAACP?
W.E.B. DuBois

42. What Supreme Court decision set forth the “separate but equal” doctrine?
Plessy v. Ferguson

43. What was the 1954 Supreme Court decision in the Brown v
What was the 1954 Supreme Court decision in the Brown v. Board of Education decision?
Supreme Court declared racial segregation in public schools unconstitutional

44. What was the constitutional basis of the Brown decision?
Racial segregation violated the “equal protection” clause of the 14th Amendment

45. What event made Rosa Parks famous?
The Montgomery Bus Boycott

46. What was the goal of the 1963 March on Washington
Gain passage of major civil rights laws by Congress

47. Who gave the “I have a dream” speech at the March on Washington?
Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.

48. For what method of protest was Dr. King known?
Non-violent, mass protest

49. Identify the 1964 Civil Rights Act.
Outlawed racial, religious, and sex discrimination in public places and by employers
Gave the federal government more power to enforce all civil rights laws

50. Identify the 1965 Voting Rights Act.
Outlawed literacy tests as a voting requirement
Sent federal registrars to the South to register black voters

51. What was a literacy test?
Person had to prove he could read and write in order to vote

52. Why did the Southern states require literacy tests?
To keep African-Americans from voting