1. ASSESSMENT OF STEPPE SOILS IN CONDITIONS OF CLIMATE CHANGE
Ruslan Suleymanov, Ilyusya Gabbasova
Ufa Institute of Biology
of the Russian Academy of Sciences

2. Our research was conducted near the Ural mountains

3. The land on which studies according to the scheme of soil and agroecological zoning refers to the steppe zone

4. The soil cover is represented by:

5. Climatic data Climate - continental. Winter is cold. Summer is dry.
Sum of active temperatures – degrees
Rainfall for the year mm.
Repeatability droughts from 40 to 50%.

6. Temperature change
in comparison with the past century the average temperature has increased by about one degree

7. Rainfall (average per month)
we also see an increase a rainfall in the winter and decrease in summer

8. Intensive agricultural use The total area of 1
Intensive agricultural use The total area of 1.5 million hectares, arable land is 600 thousand hectares, it is 40%, there are also pastures (18%) and hay (7%)

9. The prevailing wind erosion
a high percentage of agricultural land use contributes to the development of wind erosion. we can see that about 50% of the land eroded

10. Composition of water-soluble salts
Horizon, depth, cm
HCO3-
Cl-
SO42-
Ca2+
Mg2+
Na++K+
mEq/100 g soil
Agricultural soils
А1 0-20
0.72
0.58
0.89
0.62
0.90
0.67
АВ 20-39
0.57
2.23
1.41
1.84
1.04
1.32
Вс 39-60
0.7
4.32
3.88
3.32
2.68
2.9
Virgin soils
A1 0-28
0.20
0.10
0.48
0.42
0.14
0.22
AB 28-45
0.24
0.07
0.15
0.09
0.56
Bc 45-67
1.58
0.69
0.52
0.78
2.0
Increased evaporation from arable land contributes to the transfer of salts in the upper soil horizons

11. A small amount and poor living condition of forest belts (can not perform its protective function)

12. extractive industries
the main deposits:
Copper
Gold
Manganese
Zinc
Limestone
Granite

13. Problems: 1. Heavy metal pollution. 2. The change in water chemistry.
3. Modification of the hydrological regime.
4. Waste and waste dumps.
5. Large areas of degraded land.
6. The total destruction of the landscape.

14. The chemical composition of the quarry water
Components
Buribay
Sibai
Bakr Tau
Uchaly
Ca2+ mg/l
175.0
28.6
22.1
185.2
Mg2+ mg/l
304.8
1836.0
698.8
180.7
Na++K+ mg/l
51.6
202.0
21.0
11.3
Fe3+ mg/l
0.5
693.2
308.0
220.0
SO42- mg/l
237.0
2023.0
2514.0
HCO3- mg/l
61.0
Cl- mg/l
1103.2
11.8
630.4
236.4
Mn mg/l
176.0
314.0
43.1
11.9
Cu mg/l
352.0
1884.0
129.3
14.9
Zn mg/l
9734.0
653.0
34.7 pH
2.95
2.65
2.70
2.75 Eh
+400.0
+425.0
+550
+565.0
dry residue, g/l
44.0
21.55
4.95
highly mineralized sulphide polymetallic water with low pH values and high - Eh

15. The main problems of the study area
Thus, the study area is unstable ecosystem. The intensive use of land for agriculture, climate change (drought), erosion, a small area of forest belts, extractive industries contribute to the destruction of ecosystems
The main problems of the study area
Nature
Anthropogenic
temperature increase
reduction in rainfall
drought
intensive agricultural use
plowing
pastures
soil salinization
 extractive industry
technogenic salinization
waste
decrease in groundwater levels
unsustainable water use
deflation
poor living condition of forest belts

16. Thank you for attention!