1. Biomass Energy Potentials @ ENERegion Summer School
Gilbert Ahamer GIScience, Austrian Academy of Science
Salzburg,

2. Relevance of „biomass“
BM has several functions for humans:
Food
Fibre
Fuels

3. Energy – how estimated? (recall “facts III”)
% Energy per fuels
d/dt (% Energy per fuels)
Source: Global Change Data Base

4. „we“: Modellers and GIS people
Both try to meet the quality criteria of up-to-date models
As demanded by the scientific communities (else risk)
What is the state of the art in modelling?
Major vehicle: climate change exercise
Historically a suite of models was coupled
Consecutively one discipline after the other [IPCC]

5. Let‘s learn from the „history of modelling“ in climate change business: add viewpoints
Discipline by discipline is added
in order to compose a consistent „multi-disciplinary“ world view
that can be offered to readers, the public, clients
Source: IPCC TAR

6. Approach: Modelling the global carbon cycle & the energy economy
„Combined Energy and Biosphere Model“
biospheric part: 2433 grid elements
energy part: country scenarios
result: Net C balance for CO2 concentration

7. Modelling methods: the issues
Two disciplines are merged by the CEBM:
energy economics (E)
biosphere (B)
The depth of description is symbolized by two peaks

8. Modelling methods: the scope

9. Modelling methods: the substances

10. The annual carbon cycle: „old“ & „new“

11. Modelling scheme: annual carbon mass flows

12. Carbon flows and carbon pools

13. Modelling methods: the stylised ocean

14. Modelling methods: temperature data

15. Modelling methods: agricultural productivity

16. Modelling methods: examples for results

17. Modelling: sensitivity of energy scenarios
„%“ = annual growth of CO2 emissions

18. Modelling: sensitivity of deforestation scenarios
left: complete deforestation till right: including energy plantations

19. Modelling methods: population projection
Source: IIASA

20. Modelling: scenario for energy intensity
E/GDP = „energy intensity“ of an economy

21. Modelling results for energy and CO2
CO2 emission  CO2 concentration

22. 5 theoretical biomass energy potentials
Agricultural biomass on agricultural areas
Energy plantations on agricultural areas
Agricultural biomass on natural areas
Natural biomass on natural areas (forestry)
Natural biomass on natural areas (short rotat.)

23. Theoretical biomass energy potentials

24. Theoretical biomass energy potentials

25. Theoretical biomass energy potentials

26. Theoretical biomass energy potentials

27. Theoretical biomass energy potentials

28. Comparison of energy demand & supply
Link (de, 300 p.):
Link (en, 30 p.):

29. Theoretical potential depends on ...
... What you do with the previously standing biomass...
Can scenarios ever come true ;-)

30. „realistic“ potential ~ 1/10 theoretical pot.

31. Carbon flows and carbon pools = f(t)

32. C flows and C pools = f(t) with BM strategies

33. Results of „B“ = Biomass
Biomass will not „save the world“
Biomass energy is a valuable and ready-to-use measure as part of a bundle of measures
Do not forget about huge transportation needs
Keep in mind necessity for energy conversion
Take care in order to ensure carbon neutrality
Expand the perception beyond carbon

34. (C) The case:
Austria
Salzburg,

35. Several levels of action / legislation
EU (directives)
National (law, §15a)
Regional (energy efficiency in buildings)
Local (climate alliance of cities)

36. Energy & Emission Balance for a City (Graz)
Start from census data on m² housing
Compute energy demand for heating
Compute emissions
Scenarios to evaluate potential measures

37. Energy & Emission Balance for a City (Graz)

38. Energy & Emission Balance for Austria (CORINAIR) for IPCC & EU

39. „Toronto Technology Program“ for CO2 Reduction in Austria

40. Thank you for your attention
Salzburg,