1. Characterization Notes
Indirect and Direct Characterization
Flat and Round
Static and Dynamic

2. What is Characterization?
Characterization—the process of revealing the personality of a character.

3. Direct Characterization
Direct Characterization: When the narrator or another character tells us what a person is like.
Ex: Jason was a tall, broad-shouldered football player who always had a smile on his face.
Or this

4. Indirect Characterization
Indirect Characterization: Requires the reader to look for clues that reveal a character’s traits and motivation.
When looking for indirect characterization, think about all the following:
What a character does (actions)
What a character thinks
What a character says (dialogue)
What other characters say and how they react
Ex: Jody ran up the stairs to her room, tears streaming down her face, and slammed her door loudly, hoping her mother would hear.

5. Your Turn
Look for examples of both direct and indirect characterization from the following passage in “Thank You, M’am,” a short story by Langston Hughes:
She was a large woman with a large purse that had everything in it but a hammer and nails. It had a long strap, and she carried it slung across her shoulder. It was about eleven o’clock at night, and she was walking alone when a boy ran up behind her and tried to snatch her purse. The strap broke with the single tug the boy gave it from behind. But the boy’s weight and the weight of the purse combined caused him to lose his balance so, instead of taking off full blast as he had hoped, the boy fell on his back on the sidewalk, and his legs flew up. The large woman simply turned around and kicked him right square in his blue-jeaned sitter. Then she reached down, picked the boy up by his shirt front, and shook him until his teeth rattled.

6. Chart Example Direct She was a large woman with a large purse.
Duh. She’s big.
Indirect
She kicked him in the butt.
She’s able to take care of herself/ She’s not afraid.

7. Character Development:
Round Character—a well-developed character with varied traits, both good and bad.
Ex: Ariel, in Disney’s The Little Mermaid, has positive traits, like being loving and courageous, but she also has less flattering traits like being forgetful and disobedient. She is a well-developed character with many sides.

8. Character Development:
Flat Character—a less-developed character with one or a few traits; he/she is usually one-sided or stereotypical.
Ex: Think of dumb blonde characters in many teen movies—they are usually selfish, bossy, and mean. We never see them being nice or having problems of their own. They are one-sided and less developed.

9. Character Change:
Dynamic Character—a character that develops and changes over the course of a story due to a conflict or newfound understanding.
Ex: Scrooge is selfish and mean in the beginning of A Christmas Carol, but later becomes generous and selfless when he realizes his sins. He changes because of what happens to him in the story.

10. Character Change:
Static Character—a character who remains the same over the course of the entire story.
Ex: Cinderella’s stepmother is mean in the beginning of the fairytale and mean at the end. She never changes.

11. Here’s a trick to help you remember the definitions:
Round=Many Characteristics
Flat=Few Characteristics
Static=Same and Dynamic=Different
Your Turn:
Think back to “The Most Dangerous Game.” Who is flat and who is round? Why?
Who is static and who is dynamic? Why?

12. Exit Slip
Which type of character is the most like a real person, ROUND or FLAT? Why?
If a student comes to class and keeps acting up after being told to settle down, is he acting like a STATIC or a DYNAMIC character?  Explain.