1. CuUnkv sImXpIv tPm{^n tP¡ºv sl¯v C³kvs]ÎÀ {]mYanImtcmKy tI{µw
X¿mdm¡nbXv
tPm{^n tP¡ºv
sl¯v C³kvs]ÎÀ
{]mYanImtcmKy tI{µw
Aങ്ങmSn¸pdw

2. Ncn{Xw B{^n¡³ hwiw Im«n Xmakw Dbcങ്ങfn Pohnച്ചnê¶Xv
]£nIfnÂ\nìw æcങ്ങn \nìw
cà]m\w
acs¸m¯pIfn ap«bn«nêì

3. sU¦n¸\n, Nnç³ Kp\nb, aª¸\n, tdmÊv dnhÀ ]\n, shÌv s\bn ]\n F¶nh ]SÀ¯pì
Im«nÂ\nìw \m«nte¡v
h\ \ioIcWw {][m\ ImcWw
Dbcങ്ങfn \nìw Xmtg¡v
DjvWtaJebnepw anXiotXmjWtaJebnepw
{][m\ambpw Iméì
ssiXy taJebnepw I­Xmbn dnt¸mÀ«v
sU¦n¸\n, Nnç³ Kp\nb, aª¸\n, tdmÊv dnhÀ ]\n, shÌv s\bn ]\n F¶nh ]SÀ¯pì

4. CuUnkv CuPn]vXn
CuUnkv
CuUnkv BÂs_m]nIväkv

5. CuUnkv CuPn]vXn ]IÂ kabw ISnçì þ DZb¯në tijhpw AkvXab¯në ap¼pw
aëjy kmao]yapÅnS¯v Iméì
ANTHRAPO PHAGIC
s_Ív dqan hscsb¯pì
ho«nëÅnse Ccq­ Øeങ്ങfnÂ
hn{iançì

6. CuUnkv BÂs_m]nIväkv
]IÂ kabw ISnçì þ DZb¯në
tijhpw AkvXab¯në ap¼pw
arK kmao]yapÅnS¯v Iméì
ZOONO PHAGIC
knäu«v hsc am{Xta hcmdpÅq
hoSnë ]pd¯v æän¡mSpIfnÂ
hn{iançì

7. hfÀച്ച¡v 4 L«ങ്ങÄ
ap«
emÀÆ
sImXpIv
]}¸,

8. ]}¸bn \nìw ]pd¯p hê¶
CuUnkv sImXpæIÄ kmh[m\w
CWtNcpì
CW tNcenë tijw B¬sImXpIv
1þ2 Znhkw am{Xw Pohnçì.
B¬ sImXpæIfpsS `£Ww
sNSnIfpsS \ocmWv ( NECTUM )

9. CW tNcenë tijw ap«IfpsS hfÀച്ച¡v
s]¬sImXpIn\v 1 þ 3 hsc »Uv aoÂkv thWw
Hmtcm »Uv aoepw Zln¡m³ 2 þ 7 Znhkw thWw
3 »Uv aoenë tijw Hmtcm ¢ച്ചnepw 200 ap«IÄ
hsc CSpì
cà ]m\¯nsâ Afhëkcnച്ച് F®¯nÂ
hyXymkw hcmw
Hê PohnX Ime¯n 5 ¢ച്ച് hscbp­mImw

10. ap« þ hncnªndങ്ങÂ Häbmbn ap«bnSpì
Pe\nc¸në sXm«papIfnembmWv ap«IÄ \nt£oç¶Xv
shÅ \nd¯nepÅ ap«IÄ \nanjങ്ങൾçÅn Xnfങ്ങp¶
Idp¸p\ndambn amdpw
hc­ AhØsb ap«IÄ 6 amkw hsc AXnPohnçw
shÅw e`nçt¼mÄ 2 þ 7 Znhk¯nëÅn hncnªv
emÀÆIÄ D­mæì
{Sm³kv Hmthdnb {Sm³kvanj³ CXnsâ {]tXyIXbmWv

12. Distinguishing characters of Anopheles, Culex and Aedes mosquito eggs
Air bubles
Culex eggs (raft)
Aedes egg

13. CuUnkv
a¬skmWnb
As\m^nenkv
I}eIvkv

14. Distinguishing characters of Anopheles, Culex and Aedes mosquito eggs
Eggs laid singly
singly
In cluster (raft)
Float & frill present
absent
No.of eggs (29-147)
140 (eggs may be laid in successive days
16 sittings
200
Not so resistant to drying but can survive up to 3 weeks in mud
Can withstand desiccation up-to 6 months
Cannot withstand drying
Duration of egg stage 2-3 days
2 days
24-36 hours

15. emÀÆ ssk^¬ S}_v Ptem]cnXe¯në apIfnem¡n shůn Xqങ്ങnInSçì.
BÂtKIfpw kq£vaPohnIfpamWv Blmcw
emÀÆhfÀച്ച¡v 4 L«ങ്ങfp­v (INSTARS)
3 L«ങ്ങÄ AXnthKw ]qÀ¯nbm¡n \memw
L«¯nte¡v ISçì.
\memw L«w Bt]£nIambn
kmh[m\¯nemWv (3 Znhkw )
Xé¯ ImemhØsb 1 amkw hsc
{]Xntcm[n¡m³ emÀÆIÄ¡mhpw

16. Distinguishing characters of Anopheles , Culex and Aedes mosquito larvae
air tube present
Ventral hair (1)
Ventral hair (2 or more)
Anopheles Culex Aedes

17. Resting posture: Distinguishing characters of Anopheline & Culine larvae
Anopheline larva
Culicine larva
When undisturbed, larvae of Anophelines lie flat along the surface of water
In contrast, in a similar situation, culicine larvae hang ‘head down’ from the surface of water keeping the tip of breathing tube (siphon) in contact with the surface of water

18. Anopheles: Rests parellel,
spiracles in 8th seg.,
presence of palmate hair

19. Culex: Hang downwards, siphon in the 8th seg
Culex: Hang downwards, siphon in the 8th seg. ‘C’ like move, not sensitive to light, not gregarious, long siphon

20. Aedes: Downwards, short barrel shaped siphon, spiracle in the tip, ‘S’ move, light sensitive, gregarious

21. Mansonia: Attached to roots of pistia, respirate through the root cells.

22. Visual recognition of Aedes & Culex larvae
Not gregarious in habit
Siphon long & tapered, at least 3 times as long as wide
With more than one pair of ventral hair
Whip-like or figure “C” movement which propels them rapidly to the bottom of the container
Not sensitive to changes of light intensity. A rather strong disturbance required to cause them go to the bottom- return fairly soon to the surface
Aedes
Gregarious in habit
Air tube (siphon) short, about twice as long as wide
Siphon with only one pair of ventral hair
Move in a characteristic (“S”/“8”) fashion, involving all parts of the body
React quickly to changes in light intensity, removal of the cover from the container will disturb them- dive to the bottom

23. ]}¸ \memw L«w ]qÀ¯nbm¡nb emÀÆ ]}¸ L«¯nte¡v ISçì
]}¸ Ptem]cnXe¯n InS¶v HêtPmSn FbÀ
S}_|IÄ hgn izknçì
Ch ചenç¶hbpw Ne\ങ്ങtfmSv
{]XnIcnç¶hbpamWv
]}¸ `£nç¶nÃ
hfÀച്ച ]qÀ¯nbm¡m³ 2 Znhkw thWw
]}¸¡I¯phച്ച് emÀÆ cq]mന്തcw {]m]nച്ച്
sImXpImhpì
ImepIÄ, NndæIÄ, I®qIÄ, hmbv`mKങ്ങÄ,
F¶nh cq]s¸Spì.

25. Anopheles: Comma, short respiratory trumpet, funnel shaped, last ab
Anopheles: Comma, short respiratory trumpet, funnel shaped, last ab.seg. has paddle hair

26. Culex: Comma, tubular breathing siphon, paddle hair absent

27. Aedes: Comma shaped, paddle hair absent

28. Mansonia: Comma shaped, attached to the pistia, if detaches it dies

29. sImXpIv 2 Znhk¯në tijw ]}¸bpsS ]pdwtXmSv s]m«nച്ച് sImXpIv ]pd¯phêì
hmbp henച്ചp \ndച്ച് DZc`mKw hoÀ¸nçì þ
Cങ്ങs\ ]}¸bpsS ]pdwtXmSv s]m«nച്ചmWv
sImXpIv ]pd¯p hê¶Xv

30. Medically important genera and species of Mosquito
Genus
Number of species
In World
In India
Anopheles
364 51
Aedes
888
111
Culex
715 57
Mansonia 23 4
Other genus
121 26
Total
16 genus and 249 species in India
34 genus and 2968 species in the world

32. Anopheline: Culicine: Palpi enlarged at tip Male (club shaped)
Palpi distinctly longer & always papering at tip

33. Female
Anopheline:
Palpi = proboscis
Culicine:
Palpi < Proboscis

34. Proboscis of aedes: Slim, straight, decorated

35. Anopheles: Spotted, Clumping of dark 7 light coloured scales

36. Culex: Non spotted with narrow scales on veins, clear wings

37. Aedes: Light scales with brown/black in colour

38. Mansonia: Broader scales asymmetrically arranged, speckled wings

39. Rest Anopheles: creates an angle in resting, Dark pale color
Culex: Parellel to surface dull coloured often brown
Aedes: Hunched back, dusty appearance , grey color
Mansonia: Hunched back, brown color

40. Culex:Adult
Anopheles:Adult
Aedes:Adult
Mansonia:Adult

41. Breeding habits Anopheles: Fresh water, water tanks
Culex: Water with bio-waste contents
Aedes: Artificial containers like coconut shells, tyres, tubes, broken pots,,,
Mansonia: Ponds, lakes etc., Pistia.

42. Blood meals Anopheles: Both antropophilic and zoophilic
Culex:Preferably anthropophilic,
Aedes:
Anthropophilic and zoonophilic
Mansonia: Anthropophilic

43. DISTINCTION AEDES ALBOPICTUS AEDES EGYPTI Not a house hunting mosquito
Vigourous biter
Natural enemy: toxorynchitinae
1/100 world’s most invasive species.
Can see 2 white lines in the misonotum
House hunting mosquito
Can bite through socks and shirts
Vicious (violent) biter
Only 1 white line in the misonotum and divides when reaches scutellam.

44. shÎÀ ÌUn

45. shÎÀ ÌUn F¶mÂ
sImXpæ \nb{ന്തW {]hÀ¯\ങ്ങfpsS Bkq{XW¯nt\m, hnebnê¯ent\m th­n sImXpæIfpsS km¶n[ys¯çdntച്ചm, km{µXsbçdntച്ചm DÅ imkv{Xobamb hnhc tiJcWamWv shÎÀ ÌUn

46. shÎÀ ÌUnbpsS e£yങ്ങÄ sImXpæ P\y tcmKങ്ങsfçdnച്ചpw sImXpæ \nb{ന്തW
{]hÀ¯\ങ്ങfpsS BhiyIXsbçdnച്ചpapÅ hnhc
tiJcW¯n\v
sImXpæ km{µXbptSbpw ap³ Ime tcmK Ncn{Xs¯bpw
ASnØm\am¡n A]ISkm[yXm {]tZiങ്ങÄ
Xncnച്ചdnbm³
sImXpP\y tcmKങ്ങfpsS s]m«n¸pds¸SÂ ap¦q«n Adnªv
{]Xntcm[ \S]SnIÄ kzoIcn¡m³
ZoÀL Ime þ {lkz Ime sImXpæ \nb{ന്തW X{ന്തÄ
BhnjIcn¡m³
tcmK¸IÀച്ചm\nb{ന്തW {]hÀ¯\ങ്ങfpsS ^e{]m]vXn
Afç¶Xn\v

47. shÎÀ ÌUnbn Fsന്തÃmw hnhcങ്ങfmWv th­Xv?
sImXpæhn`mKങ്ങfpsS km{µXbpw hnXcWhpw
cà]m\¯ntâbpw hn{ia¯ntâbpw hnhcങ്ങÄ
{]X|Â]mZ\ kz`mhങ്ങÄ
sImXpæ\min\n {]tbmK¯nsâ km[yX
tcmtKmÂ`h¯nsâ t{kmXÊv

48. kqNnIm {]tZiങ്ങÄ GsXÃmamWv?
shÎÀ ÌUn \St¯­
kqNnIm {]tZiങ്ങÄ GsXÃmamWv?
sImXpæ P\y tcmKw F³Uan¡mb Øeങ്ങÄ
sImXpInsâ km¶n[yw sIm­pw ]mcnØnXnI
{]tXyIXIÄ sIm­pw tcmK]IÀച്ചm km[yXbpÅ
Øeങ്ങÄ
tcmK¯nsâ s]m«n¸pds¸Sep­mb Øew

49. Ft¸mgmWv \St¯­Xv? hÀjw apgph³ BgvNbnsemcn¡Â c­mgvN IqSpt¼mÄ
amk¯nsemcn¡Â
kmlNcyhpw
Bhiyhpw
Aëkcnച്ച്

50. What are the Other information required on Entomological Surveillance?
Terrain features – Altitude, fauna & flora, type of soil, riverine belt etc.
Meterological factors – Temperature, relative humidity, rainfall
Agriculture – Agricultural practices, deforestation / aforestation etc.
Irrigation – Irrigation practices, projects, dams, water reservation,
canals, lift pumps etc.
Human lifestyle, socio-economic and cultural aspects etc.
Industrialization, housing, living, economic, sanitary conditions,
water management, water storage practices, fairs and festivals,
migration due to employment, political compulsions, war, etc.

53. LARVAL INDEX OF AEDES

54. House Index
Number of positive houses for Aedes larveX100/Number of houses examined

55. Container index
Number of positive containers for aedes foundX100/No. containers examined

56. Breteau Index
Number of positive containersX100 Number of houses examined

57. ]T\ \nKa\ങ്ങÄ Cങ്ങs\ XmsgbpamsW¦n B {]tZiw A]IS km[yXbnÃm¯XmWv
ഹൌkv C³sUIvkv Ht¶m AXnÂ
XmsgbpamsW¦n B {]tZiw
A]IS km[yXbnÃm¯XmWv
{_nt«m C³UIvkv At©m AXnÂ
Xmsgtbm BsW¦n B {]tZiw

58. ഹൌkv C³sUIvkv ]t¯m AXn IqSpXtem {_nt«m C³UIvkv A³ ]tXm AXn IqSpXtem
BsW¦n B {]tZiw
A]IS km[yXbpÅXmWv
{_nt«m C³UIvkv A³ ]tXm AXn IqSpXtem
A]IS km[yXbpÅXmWv

59. {_nt«m C³UIvkv 
A³]tXm AXn IqSpXtem BsW¦n ASnbന്തncambn sImXpæ \nb{ന്തW {]hÀ¯\ങ്ങÄ Bcw`n¡Ww

60. shÎÀ ÌUn \S¯pt¼mÄ kÀtÆ \S¯p¶bmÄ¡v sImXpæISntb¡msX {i²n¡Ww

61. നന്ദി