1. FEMINISM

2. Origins and development of feminism
First wave feminism: women united in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries to demand suffrage
Second wave feminism: acknowledged that suffrage had not brought about female liberation
1960s/70s onwards: feminism is now viewed as an ideology, and de-radicalizes and spreads
1990s to today: ‘post-feminism’ and feminist diversification/fragmentation

3. Principles of feminism
Feminist ideology perceives other ideologies as inadequate vehicles for female social advancement, for the way in which they have each systematically incited the oppression of women. Feminist themes focus primarily on:
a redefinition of what constitutes ‘the political’
acknowledging the patriarchy
sex and gender
equality and difference

4. Sex and politics
Feminism has been influenced by other political traditions, liberalism and socialism most obviously, but also modern traditions such as post-modernism and psychoanalysis.
Hierarchical and elitist ideologies, such as conservatism, are commonly associated with anti-feminism, in arguing that the woman’s ‘private’ role in inevitable and natural.
Reactionary feminism, critiqued as a contradiction in terms by conventional feminism, also exists, for example with Islamic feminism.

5. Sex and politics Liberal feminism Socialist feminism Radical feminism
Third-wave feminism and beyond

6. Sexism in the global age
Can feminism become a truly global ideology?
How should feminists respond to globalization?
Are feminist ideas universally applicable?