1. America at the Turn of the 20th Century
The Social Pangs of
Industrial Progress

2. The IR Changed Where We Lived and Who We Are
Regional Population
Rural & Urban Population
Manifest Destiny took us from 13 States in 1800 to 45 States by 1900
But According to 1890 Census, Western Frontier was “Closed”
Redirects American expansion
Sparks Age of American Imperialism
IR stimulated Economic Expansion
1865 US Industrial production was $2Bil
1900 figure jumped to $13Bil
Represents 6 fold increase
IR Sparked Rapid Urbanization
Urban migration rose
1800 6% population %
Jobs were key draw
Stimulated rise of new recreational activities
amusement parks
vaudeville (combined music, comedy and dance)
Circus
Spectator sports: boxing, baseball, football
Department Stores (Macy’s)
Skyscrapers
IR Sparked Immigration
12 mil immigrants
By 1910 majority of urban populations foreign-born
Over Half industrial labor force were foreign born
New Immigrants:
From:
Southern and Eastern Europe
Chinese and Japanese (200,000)
Mexican (250,000)
Offered:
New Languages
New Religions (Catholic and Judaism)

3. The Price of Industrial Progress
Poor Working Conditions
Child Labor
Environmental Exploitation
(John Ruskin)

4. The Price of Industrial Progress
Political Corruption
Chauvinism Continued

5. The Price of Industrial Progress
Dumbbell Tenements
Overcrowding

6. The Price of Industrial Progress
Jim Crow America
The Farmers’ Dilemma and the Rise of Populism

7. The Price of Industrial Progress
Poor Working Conditions
Environmental Exploitation
Political Corruption
Social Tensions
Social Class Conflicts
Jim Crow America
Child Labor Exploitation
Female Restrictions
Farmers’ Dilemma

8. Progressive Change Demands Government Activism
Social Darwinism
Laissez-faire Government
Modest Attempts at Regulation
The Munn decision and Public Utilities
Interstate Commerce Act
But the E.C. Knight decision
Sherman Anti-Trust Act
In Re Debs
Pendleton Act
Plessy v. Ferguson
The Progressive Movement