1. The Industrial Revolution

2. INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
There was a shift from goods made by hand to factory and mass production
Technological innovations brought production from farmhouse to factories
Invented in Britain in 1750; smuggled to U.S.
Beginning of the US Factory System
US slow to embrace factory system
Scarce labor
Little capital
Superiority of British factories 2

3. Samuel Slater was the "Father of the American Factory System."
US FACTORY SYSTEM
Built first textile mill in 1793 in Pawtucket, Rhode Island.
Born in England on June 9, 1768 and worked in British factories.
Slater came to US to make his fortune in the textile industry.
Slatersville Mill was the largest and most modern industrial cotton mill of its day
Samuel Slater was the "Father of the American Factory System."

4. US FACTORY SYSTEM
The Lowell Mills
Francis C Lowell came to the US to build British factories & met up with Boston mechanic, Paul Moody
Together they improved the mill and invented a power loom that revolutionized textile manufacturing

5. The Lowell System Lowell, Massachusetts, 1832
Hired young New England farm girls
They were supervised on and off the job
Worked 6 days a week, 13 hours a day
Escorted to church on Sunday

6. US FACTORY SYSTEM
Women & the Economy
1850: 10% of white women were working for pay outside home
Vast majority of working women were single
Left paying jobs upon marriage
Idea of “Cult of domesticity” develops
This is a new concept of the perfect women: homemaker
Jobs outside of the home empowered married women
Increased power & independence of women in the home usually led to a decline in family size

7. Workers & Wage Slaves
Long hours, low wages, unsanitary conditions, lack of heat, etc.
Labor unions illegal
1820: 1/2 of industrial workers were children under 10

8. Workers & Wage Slaves
1820s & 1830s: Loyalty to Democratic party led to improved conditions
Fought for 10-hour day, higher wages, better conditions
1830s & 1840s: Dozens of strikes for higher wages or 10-hour day
1837 depression hurt union membership

9. 1830s, Industrialization grew throughout the North…
US FACTORY SYSTEM
1830s, Industrialization grew throughout the North…
Southern cotton shipped to Northern textile mills was a good working relationship.

11. New
Inventions:
"Yankee Ingenuity"

12. Resourcefulness & Experimentation
Americans were willing to try anything.
They were first copiers, then innovators.
> 41 patents approved
> 4,357 patents approved

13. The invention which changed the South, cotton and slavery.
ELI WHITNEY
The invention which changed the South, cotton and slavery.
Eli Whitney’s cotton gin revolutionized the cotton industry.
He is also noted for the concept of mass production and interchangeable parts by creating dyes for pistols and rifles.
Very important early pioneer in America’s industrial revolution.
Cotton Production

14. Whitney Ends the Fiber Famine
Cotton gin invented in 1793
50 times more effective than hand picking
Raising cotton more profitable
South needs slavery more than ever for “King Cotton”
New England factories flourish with Southern cotton

15. ROBERT FULTON
1807, Fulton's Clermont, was the first commercially successful and reliable steamboat. Steam boat would revolutionize water travel.
The steamboat was often the only mechanical means of river travel and freight transportation from 1808 through 1930.

16. John Deere & the Steel Plow

17. Cyrus McCormick & the Mechanical Reaper

18. “WHAT GOD HATH WROUGHT”
Samuel F. B. Morse
1840 – Telegraph
“WHAT GOD HATH WROUGHT”

19. Cyrus Field & the Transatlantic Cable, 1858

20. Elias Howe & Isaac Singer
1840s Sewing Machine
Perfected by Singer
Gave boost to northern industry
Became foundation for ready-made clothing industry
Led many women into factories

21. Eli Whitney also invents principle of interchangeable parts, used in muskets for army.
1850: principle widely adopted, led to mass production, & gave North large industrial plants, military superiority over South.
From left to right: Eli Whitney (cotton gin, interchangeable parts), Robert Fulton (steam boat), Thomas Edison (light bulb), Cyrus McCormick (reaper), Richard Hoe (automatic printing press)

22. Protective tariff of 1816 (allows US factories to grow)
AMERICAN SYSTEM
american system
The inventions combined with greater transportation encourage economic growth
Protective tariff of 1816 (allows US factories to grow)
Americans are encouraged to buy American goods
2nd Bank of the United States
It is recharted (approved to be continued) in 1816