1. Chapter 11, lesson 1
A Growing Economy

2. Industrial Growth Most people made their own stuff
Mid 1700s, Brits had machines that made stuff
Machines ran on water power
Factories or mills were by rivers
Mill owners paid people wages: regular payment to take care of machines
Industrial Revolution

3. Industrial Rev. in US Got to US in 1800
Poor soil in New England made men quit farming
Many rivers & streams
Many ports that made importing raw materials & exporting finished goods easy

4. Inventions Spinning jenny & water frame spun thread
Power loom wove thread into cloth
1793, Eli Whitney invented cotton gin (engine) removed seeds from cotton, huge production
Whitney made 10,000 muskets for gov’t
1st made 1 at a time, Whitney made many musket parts so they could be mass assembled
If 1 part broke, it could be replaced: interchangeable

5. Spinning Jenny, Water Frame & Cotton Gin

6. Factories
1790, Congress passes patent law, legal protection to an invention & profits
Brits tried to protect, Samuel Slater took machine secrets to US
Francis Lowell improved, made factory w/ everything combined in 1 place, p298
1840s, “Lowell Girls” lived & worked together

7. Free Enterprise
Capitalism: individuals & businesses own property & decide how to use it
People, NOT gov’t control capital: buildings, land, machines, $
Free enterprise: US economic system, we are free to buy, sell & produce what we want
1)freedom 2)profit 3)property 4)competition

8. Agriculture Grows Most in US lived & worked on farms
New England farmers sold locally
Western farmers in Ohio raised pork, wheat & corn
Southern cotton production
Demand for cotton as factories
, Slaves: 700,000 to 1,200,000

9. Corporations Grow
Small investors provided $ to build new businesses, hoping to earn more
Corporations: business w/ many owners, sell stock: shares of ownership to raise $ to expand & build factories…IT today

10. Cities Grow Up
Many cities develop along rivers to use hydropower and shipping
NY, Boston & Baltimore: centers of commerce
Western towns Pittsburgh, Cincinnati & Louisville on major rivers grew
Cities had wood & brick buildings, dirt streets, no sewers = diseases
Fires were dangerous w/o Fire Dept