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Chapter 5.3
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American Indians Defend their Land
Prophet Tenskwatawa and Tecumseh – Shawnee Indian brothers Wanted to preserve American Indian culture United Amer. Indian nations in an armed resistance Wanted to stop American expansion Angry at the government using dishonest treaties to take their land
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Battle of Tippecanoe William Henry Harrison led troops to Prophetstown to attack Tecumseh was gone recruiting American troops burned Prophetstown
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War Hawks Aggressive young politicians who gained momentum in Congress
They pushed for war against Britain to restore national honor Wanted to invade British held Canada to stop source of guns to Indians Believed British would make maritime concessions if Canada seized
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President Madison urged Congress to declare war on June of 1812
War of 1812 President Madison urged Congress to declare war on June of 1812 Were not prepared Small army and small navy Militias did not have professional training Jefferson insisted a land invasion of Canada would not take much effort He was wrong
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Victories American navy performed well Captured 4 British ships in 1812 Captured a British flotilla in 1813 Allowed William Henry Harrison to retake Detroit Oct 1813 Tecumseh killed
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Andrew Jackson Crushed the Creek Indians in Alabama
They surrendered most of their lands Invaded Spanish colony of Florida Defeated the Seminoles Seized Spanish fort at Pensacola
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Navy blockaded the coast One army occupied Maine
British attack Navy blockaded the coast One army occupied Maine 2nd army invaded New York 3rd force landed in Maryland and invaded DC 4th army attacked New Orleans
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British capture DC and burn the White House
British attack British capture DC and burn the White House British defeated at Fort McHenry Francis Scott Key observed the attack and wrote “The Star Spangled Banner”
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Battle of New Orleans Americans greatest victory in January 1815 General Andrew Jackson defeated the British 71 American casualties compared to 2,036 British casualties Tragic because the Treaty of Ghent had already been signed, but the soldiers had not been informed yet
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Treaty of Ghent Peace agreement between America and Britain All conquered land returned Commissions planned to decide Canada/America border
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Federalists seek power
Surge of nationalism after war Federalists looked weak for not wanting to go to war Hartford Convention Federalists met to discuss seceding New England from U.S. Federalists mocked as defeatists and traitors By 1820, Federalist party dead
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Works Cited Werner-Lepsansky, Emma J., et al. United States History. Pearson Education Inc: United States, Print.
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