1. Designing and Producing Apparel
Using Design in Fashion

2. Objectives:
Explain the importance of each element of design in relation to fashion
Apply the principles of design to apparel
Describe how harmony is achieved in garment designs
Discuss how to use design to create illusions that enhance appearance

3. Good design or harmony The Design Equation Elements Principles Color
Shape
Line
Texture
Principles
Balance
Proportion
Emphasis
Rhythm
Good design or harmony

4. The Elements of Design COLOR
Hue
The name given to a color
Value
The lightness or darkness of a hue
Tint
Adding white to a hue (pastel)
Shade
Adding black to a hue
Intensity
The brightness or dullness of a hue

5. COLOR Communication
Black - elegant, sophisticated, dignified, strong, serious, sad
Brown - earthy, casual, comfortable, natural
Navy - dignified, cool, classic, peaceful, calm
Green – signifies life, nature, friendly
Red - aggressive, passionate, vibrant
Yellow - sunny, cheerful, warm
Orange - cheerful, youthful, lively
Violet - royal, wise, dramatic
Gray - modest, sad, quiet dignity, professional
Beige - quiet, tailored
White – innocent, youthful, pure
Pink - soft, feminine
Gold - wealth, power, luxury

6. Using the COLOR Wheel Primary Hues Secondary Hues
Red, Yellow, Blue
Secondary Hues
Orange, Green, Violet
Intermediate or Tertiary Hues
Yellow-green, Yellow-orange, Red-orange, Red-violet, Blue-violet, Blue-green

7. COLOR Schemes Monochromatic Analogous Complementary
Tints and shades of one hue
Analogous
Adjacent hues
Complementary
Opposite hues
Split complementary
1 hue with hues on each side of its complement
Triad
3 hues equal distance
Accented neutral
Neutral (white, black, gray, beige) with an accent of bright color

8. Illusions Through COLOR Using Color in Fashion
Extreme contrast makes colors look brighter
Light colored objects appear larger
Dark colored objects recede or appear smaller
Fashion is more attractive without equal areas of light and dark
Color is affected by light and texture

9. SHAPE and LINE Shape or silhouette Lines in Fashion Outline or form
Determined by cut and construction of the garment
Lines in Fashion
Outline the inner and outer spaces
Can be structural or decorative
The shape of the pants are bell-bottoms, the lines (stripes) are decorative.

10. LINE Types and Directions
Straight
Bold, severe, dignified
Curved
Flowing, rounded, soft, youthful
Jagged or Diagonal
Noticeable, interesting, can create confusion
Vertical
Height, slimming, dignity
Horizontal
Width, restful, calming

11. TEXTURE Tactile quality of goods or how material feels
Can be created from fibers, yarns, and fabric construction
Illusions
Shiny, bulky, fuzzy, or heavy textures make figures look larger
Dull or flat textures tend to slenderize

12. The Principles of Design Balance
Formal balance
Symmetrical
Dignified
Can look boring
Informal balance
Creates balance asymmetrically
Elements placed unequally in a way that achieves balance
Equality among the parts of a design or outfit

13. Proportion
The spatial, or size, relationship of the parts of design to each other and to the whole
Most pleasing when divided unevenly
Garments should bring out the natural proportions of the body to be pleasing
What parts of the jacket are out of proportion?

14. EmphAsis
A concentration of interest in a particular part or area of a design.
May be achieved with contrasts of colors or textures, structural lines, or unusual shapes
Is your eye drawn to the tie? Or perhaps to the “a” in emphasis?

15. RRRhhyyytthhhmm Creates easy movement of the observer’s eye by:
Repetition
Repeats lines, shapes, colors, or textures
Gradation
Increase or decrease of design elements (also called progression)
Radiation
Created by lines or colors emerging from a center (petals on a flower)

16. Harmony Pleasing visual unity of all aspects of a design
All parts of the design look as if they belong
Does not have excess variation that could displease or detract

17. Illusions Created by Design
When selecting garments, use the elements and principles of design to accentuate positive figure traits and de-emphasize the negative ones. Fashion professionals know how to do this.
Which one is most slimming?

18. Do You Know . . .
How do cool and warm colors appear to change the size and shape of a person?
How can you use the elements and principles of design to accomplish the following:
Look taller and thinner
Avoid attention to your hips
Attract attention to your face