1. Chapter 1: Intro to Anatomy
Anatomical Terms
Chapter 1: Intro to Anatomy

2. Some General Definitions
Anatomy
Physiology
Metabolism
Homeostasis

3. SYSTEMS OF THE HUMAN BODY
Integumentary Respiratory
Skeletal Digestive
Muscular Urinary (excretory)
Nervous/Sensory Reproductive
Endocrine
Circulatory
Cardiovascular
Lymphatic/Immune

4. Regions of the Body

5. Axial Region – Cephalic (Head)
ANTERIOR
Cephalic - head
Frontal – forehead
Orbital – eye
Buccal – cheek
Mental – chin
Facial – on your face
Cervical - neck
POSTERIOR
Occipital

6. Axial Region – Torso or Thoracic
ANTERIOR
Celiac - abdomen
Mammary – breast
Sternal - area in the center of your chest, the sternum
Pectoral - area around your breast
Costal - ribs
Inguinal – groin
Genital – reproductive organs
Coxal - hip
Celiac (abdomen)
Mammary (breast)
Costal (rib)

7. Axial Region – Torso or Thoracic
POSTERIOR
Dorsal: the back
Vertebral: area of your spine (on your back)
Interscapular: area between both of your shoulder blades (on your back)
Lumbar: lower back
Sacral: between hips
Perineal: between the anus and the pubic arch
Interscapular (between shoulder blades)

8. Appendicular Region – Upper Limb
Antebrachium (forearm)
Axillary (armpit)
Digital (fingers)
Acromial - point of shoulder
Brachial - arm
Antecubital – front of elbow
Cubital - elbow
Antebrachial - forearm
Palmar - palm
Axillary - Armpit
Digital - fingers

9. Appendicular Region – Lower Limb
Gluteal – buttocks
Femoral – thigh
Popliteal – back of knee
Patellar – knee
Cural – leg
Plantar – sole of foot
Pedal – foot
*** inguinal

10. Directional Terms

11. Directional Terms
Used to describe the “location” or “direction” of one organ compared to another
More “scientific” way of saying that your heart is “above your stomach, and in front of your lungs”

12. The “Anatomical Position”
Standing straight up, feet flat on the ground, arms at your side, and palms facing forward
- It is from this position that the rest of the anatomical terms will be derived

13. Directional Terms Superior: “above” something else
“Your _______ is superior to your_______”
Inferior: “below” something else
“your ________are inferior to your________”

14. Anterior (Ventral): towards your front
Your _______ is anterior to your _____.
Posterior/Dorsal: towards your back
Your ________ are posterior to your _________.

15. Let’s Review
The nails are ______ (dorsal or ventral) in the anatomical position.
ANSWER: Dorsal - recall that the anatomical position calls for your palms to face forward…your nails would face your back
The sternum is ____ (superior or inferior) to your mouth.
ANSWER: Inferior

16. Proximal: closer to the trunk or attachment point
The ________ is proximal to the __________.
The __________ is proximal to the___________.
Distal: Farther from the trunk or attachment point
The ________ is distal to the ____________.
The ___________ is distal to the______________.

17. Central – toward the brain or spinal cord
The __________ is central to the ______________
Peripheral – away from the brain or spinal cord (toward the limbs)
The ________ are peripheral to the _________________

18. Superficial: Close to the body surface (when looking from the inside towards the skin)
Deep: Closer to the inside of the body (farther from the surface of the body)

19. Medial - Towards the middle
“Your _________ is medial to your____________”
“Your ___________ is medial to your ____________”
Lateral: Away from the middle (towards a side)
“Your _________are lateral to your _______________”
“Your_________are lateral to your _____________”

20. Ipsilateral – on the same side of the body
Contralateral – one the opposite side of the body

21. Supine = Body laying face up
Prone = Body laying face down

22. Planes of the Body

23. Planes of the Body Imaginary flat surface passing through the body
Planes are often used in directions for dissections or as reference in figures

24. Sagittal (Median) Plane
Divides into left and right portions
Midsaggital plane - passes through the midline of the body
Parasaggital plane – a cut that does not pass through the midline

25. Frontal (Coronal) Plane
Divides body into anterior and posterior sections

26. Transverse (Horizontal) Plane
Divides the body into superior and inferior portions
Divides the body horizontally

27. Body Cavities

28. Anterior Cavity Posterior Cavity
Body Cavities
Anterior Cavity
thoracic cavity & abdominopelvic cavity
diaphragm (a muscle) separates the two cavities
Posterior Cavity
cranial cavity & vertebral cavity

29. Posterior (Dorsal) Body Cavity
Cranial Cavity
Skull encloses the brain
Vertebral Cavity
Vertebrae enclose the spinal cord

30. Anterior (Ventral) Body Cavity
Thoracic Cavity
Abdominopelvic Cavity
Pleural Cavity – lungs
Pericardial Cavity – heart
Mediastinum – thymus, vessels from heart
Abdominal Cavity – digestive organs, kidneys
Pelvic Cavity – bladder, rectum, reproductive organs

31. Cranial
Thoracic
Posterior
Diaphragm
Vertebral
Abdominal
Pelvic