1. 4.1b Multivalent Metals

2. Learning Goals
Learn how to name and identify the chemical formula of compounds containing multivalent metals

3. Multivalent Metals
Multivalent metals are metals with more than one ion charge. These elements can form different ions depending on the chemical reaction they undergo.

4. Example

5. Naming Multivalent Metals
To distinguish between the ions, a Roman numeral is written after the name of the metal.
For example, Cu+ is written as copper(I) and called “copper one”;
whereas, Cu2+ is written as copper(II) and called “copper two”
Number
Roman Numeral 1 I 2 II 3
III 4 IV 5 V 6 VI 7
VII

6. Writing Chemical Formulas and Naming
Ionic Compounds with a Multivalent Metal
The same steps that were used for binary ionic compounds apply.
When naming a compound that contains a multivalent ion, you must include a Roman numeral to show which charge the ion has.
To determine the charge you must work back from the charge of the anion.

7. Determine the ratio of the ions in the chemical formula.
Steps
Examples
Cu3N SnS FeCl3
Identify the metal.
Copper (Cu)
Tin (Sn)
Verify that the metal can form more than one kind of ion by checking the periodic table.
Cu+ and Cu2+
Sn2+ and Sn4+
Determine the ratio of the ions in the chemical formula.
3 copper:1 nitride
1 tin:2 sulfide
Note the charge of the anion. 3- 2-
The positive and negative charges must balance out so that the net charge is zero.
Total negative charge: 3-
Total positive charge: 3+
Total negative charge: 4-
Total positive charge: 4+
Determine what charge the metal ion must have to balance the anion.
3(Cu?) = 3+
Therefore, the charge on the copper must be 1+.
1(Sn?) = 4+
Therefore, the charge on the tin must be 4+.
Write the name of the metal ion.
The name of the metal ion is copper (I).
The name of the metal ion is tin(IV).
Write the name of the compound.
Copper(I) nitride
Tin(IV) sulfide

8. Determine the ratio of the ions in the chemical formula.
Steps
Examples
Cu3N SnS FeCl3
Identify the metal.
Copper (Cu)
Tin (Sn)
Iron (Fe)
Verify that the metal can form more than one kind of ion by checking the periodic table.
Cu+ and Cu2+
Sn2+ and Sn4+
Determine the ratio of the ions in the chemical formula.
3 copper:1 nitride
1 tin:2 sulfide
Note the charge of the anion. 3- 2-
The positive and negative charges must balance out so that the net charge is zero.
Total negative charge: 3-
Total positive charge: 3+
Total negative charge: 4-
Total positive charge: 4+
Determine what charge the metal ion must have to balance the anion.
3(Cu?) = 3+
Therefore, the charge on the copper must be 1+.
1(Sn?) = 4+
Therefore, the charge on the tin must be 4+.
Write the name of the metal ion.
The name of the metal ion is copper (I).
The name of the metal ion is tin(IV).
Write the name of the compound.
Copper(I) nitride
Tin(IV) sulfide

9. Determine the ratio of the ions in the chemical formula.
Steps
Examples
Cu3N SnS FeCl3
Identify the metal.
Copper (Cu)
Tin (Sn)
Iron (Fe)
Verify that the metal can form more than one kind of ion by checking the periodic table.
Cu+ and Cu2+
Sn2+ and Sn4+
Fe2+ and Fe3+
Determine the ratio of the ions in the chemical formula.
3 copper:1 nitride
1 tin:2 sulfide
Note the charge of the anion. 3- 2-
The positive and negative charges must balance out so that the net charge is zero.
Total negative charge: 3-
Total positive charge: 3+
Total negative charge: 4-
Total positive charge: 4+
Determine what charge the metal ion must have to balance the anion.
3(Cu?) = 3+
Therefore, the charge on the copper must be 1+.
1(Sn?) = 4+
Therefore, the charge on the tin must be 4+.
Write the name of the metal ion.
The name of the metal ion is copper (I).
The name of the metal ion is tin(IV).
Write the name of the compound.
Copper(I) nitride
Tin(IV) sulfide

10. Determine the ratio of the ions in the chemical formula.
Steps
Examples
Cu3N SnS FeCl3
Identify the metal.
Copper (Cu)
Tin (Sn)
Iron (Fe)
Verify that the metal can form more than one kind of ion by checking the periodic table.
Cu+ and Cu2+
Sn2+ and Sn4+
Fe2+ and Fe3+
Determine the ratio of the ions in the chemical formula.
3 copper:1 nitride
1 tin:2 sulfide
1 iron:3 chloride
Note the charge of the anion. 3- 2-
The positive and negative charges must balance out so that the net charge is zero.
Total negative charge: 3-
Total positive charge: 3+
Total negative charge: 4-
Total positive charge: 4+
Determine what charge the metal ion must have to balance the anion.
3(Cu?) = 3+
Therefore, the charge on the copper must be 1+.
1(Sn?) = 4+
Therefore, the charge on the tin must be 4+.
Write the name of the metal ion.
The name of the metal ion is copper (I).
The name of the metal ion is tin(IV).
Write the name of the compound.
Copper(I) nitride
Tin(IV) sulfide

11. Determine the ratio of the ions in the chemical formula.
Steps
Examples
Cu3N SnS FeCl3
Identify the metal.
Copper (Cu)
Tin (Sn)
Iron (Fe)
Verify that the metal can form more than one kind of ion by checking the periodic table.
Cu+ and Cu2+
Sn2+ and Sn4+
Fe2+ and Fe3+
Determine the ratio of the ions in the chemical formula.
3 copper:1 nitride
1 tin:2 sulfide
1 iron:3 chloride
Note the charge of the anion. 3- 2- 1-
The positive and negative charges must balance out so that the net charge is zero.
Total negative charge: 3-
Total positive charge: 3+
Total negative charge: 4-
Total positive charge: 4+
Determine what charge the metal ion must have to balance the anion.
3(Cu?) = 3+
Therefore, the charge on the copper must be 1+.
1(Sn?) = 4+
Therefore, the charge on the tin must be 4+.
Write the name of the metal ion.
The name of the metal ion is copper (I).
The name of the metal ion is tin(IV).
Write the name of the compound.
Copper(I) nitride
Tin(IV) sulfide

12. Determine the ratio of the ions in the chemical formula.
Steps
Examples
Cu3N SnS FeCl3
Identify the metal.
Copper (Cu)
Tin (Sn)
Iron (Fe)
Verify that the metal can form more than one kind of ion by checking the periodic table.
Cu+ and Cu2+
Sn2+ and Sn4+
Fe2+ and Fe3+
Determine the ratio of the ions in the chemical formula.
3 copper:1 nitride
1 tin:2 sulfide
1 iron:3 chloride
Note the charge of the anion. 3- 2- 1-
The positive and negative charges must balance out so that the net charge is zero.
Total negative charge: 3-
Total positive charge: 3+
Total negative charge: 4-
Total positive charge: 4+
Determine what charge the metal ion must have to balance the anion.
3(Cu?) = 3+
Therefore, the charge on the copper must be 1+.
1(Sn?) = 4+
Therefore, the charge on the tin must be 4+.
Write the name of the metal ion.
The name of the metal ion is copper (I).
The name of the metal ion is tin(IV).
Write the name of the compound.
Copper(I) nitride
Tin(IV) sulfide

13. Determine the ratio of the ions in the chemical formula.
Steps
Examples
Cu3N SnS FeCl3
Identify the metal.
Copper (Cu)
Tin (Sn)
Iron (Fe)
Verify that the metal can form more than one kind of ion by checking the periodic table.
Cu+ and Cu2+
Sn2+ and Sn4+
Fe2+ and Fe3+
Determine the ratio of the ions in the chemical formula.
3 copper:1 nitride
1 tin:2 sulfide
1 iron:3 chloride
Note the charge of the anion. 3- 2- 1-
The positive and negative charges must balance out so that the net charge is zero.
Total negative charge: 3-
Total positive charge: 3+
Total negative charge: 4-
Total positive charge: 4+
Determine what charge the metal ion must have to balance the anion.
3(Cu?) = 3+
Therefore, the charge on the copper must be 1+.
1(Sn?) = 4+
Therefore, the charge on the tin must be 4+.
1(Fe?) = 3+
Therefore, the charge on the iron must be 3+.
Write the name of the metal ion.
The name of the metal ion is copper (I).
The name of the metal ion is tin(IV).
Write the name of the compound.
Copper(I) nitride
Tin(IV) sulfide

14. Determine the ratio of the ions in the chemical formula.
Steps
Examples
Cu3N SnS FeCl3
Identify the metal.
Copper (Cu)
Tin (Sn)
Iron (Fe)
Verify that the metal can form more than one kind of ion by checking the periodic table.
Cu+ and Cu2+
Sn2+ and Sn4+
Fe2+ and Fe3+
Determine the ratio of the ions in the chemical formula.
3 copper:1 nitride
1 tin:2 sulfide
1 iron:3 chloride
Note the charge of the anion. 3- 2- 1-
The positive and negative charges must balance out so that the net charge is zero.
Total negative charge: 3-
Total positive charge: 3+
Total negative charge: 4-
Total positive charge: 4+
Determine what charge the metal ion must have to balance the anion.
3(Cu?) = 3+
Therefore, the charge on the copper must be 1+.
1(Sn?) = 4+
Therefore, the charge on the tin must be 4+.
1(Fe?) = 3+
Therefore, the charge on the iron must be 3+.
Write the name of the metal ion.
The name of the metal ion is copper (I).
The name of the metal ion is tin(IV).
The name of the metal ion is iron(III).
Write the name of the compound.
Copper(I) nitride
Tin(IV) sulfide

15. Determine the ratio of the ions in the chemical formula.
Steps
Examples
Cu3N SnS FeCl3
Identify the metal.
Copper (Cu)
Tin (Sn)
Iron (Fe)
Verify that the metal can form more than one kind of ion by checking the periodic table.
Cu+ and Cu2+
Sn2+ and Sn4+
Fe2+ and Fe3+
Determine the ratio of the ions in the chemical formula.
3 copper:1 nitride
1 tin:2 sulfide
1 iron:3 chloride
Note the charge of the anion. 3- 2- 1-
The positive and negative charges must balance out so that the net charge is zero.
Total negative charge: 3-
Total positive charge: 3+
Total negative charge: 4-
Total positive charge: 4+
Determine what charge the metal ion must have to balance the anion.
3(Cu?) = 3+
Therefore, the charge on the copper must be 1+.
1(Sn?) = 4+
Therefore, the charge on the tin must be 4+.
1(Fe?) = 3+
Therefore, the charge on the iron must be 3+.
Write the name of the metal ion.
The name of the metal ion is copper (I).
The name of the metal ion is tin(IV).
The name of the metal ion is iron(III).
Write the name of the compound.
Copper(I) nitride
Tin(IV) sulfide
Iron(III) chloride

16. Reverse Cross-Over Method
Example:
Cobalt(?) oxide
Reverse crossover (subscripts become the charge of the opposite element)
The cobalt ion has a charge of 3+ and the oxide ion has a charge of 2-.
Name: Cobalt(III) oxide
You must check that the charge of the anion is correct!

17. Reverse Cross-Over Method
Example:
Iron(?) oxide
Reverse crossover (subscripts become the charge of the opposite element)
The iron ion has a charge of 1+ and the oxide ion has a charge of 1-. However, the charge of the oxide ion is not correct, which means that the subscripts were reduced.
The oxide should be O2-. Therefore, double the charge of each ion.
Name: Iron(II) oxide

18. Manganese(IV) fluoride
Examples
Name
Formula
Manganese(IV) fluoride
Nickel(III) fluoride
Fe2S3
PbBr4

19. Manganese(IV) fluoride
Examples
Name
Formula
Manganese(IV) fluoride
MnF4
Nickel(III) fluoride
Fe2S3
PbBr4

20. Manganese(IV) fluoride
Examples
Name
Formula
Manganese(IV) fluoride
MnF4
Nickel(III) fluoride
NiF3
Fe2S3
PbBr4

21. Manganese(IV) fluoride
Examples
Name
Formula
Manganese(IV) fluoride
MnF4
Nickel(III) fluoride
NiF3
Iron(III) sulfide
Fe2S3
PbBr4

22. Manganese(IV) fluoride
Examples
Name
Formula
Manganese(IV) fluoride
MnF4
Nickel(III) fluoride
NiF3
Iron(III) sulfide
Fe2S3
Lead(IV) bromide
PbBr4

23. Homework Textbook: Read pg 146 – 147
Multivalent Metal Compounds Worksheet