1. Livestock or Lab Rats?
Claudia Shrefler

2. Outline Benefits from animal GM Risks of animal GM Public Opinion
Conclusion

3. Benefits from GM Protein Extraction
“Specialized protein factories”
Avoiding allergies/intolerances
New goal: “humanized milk”
Produce useful proteins in urine
Includes male and female animals
(1)To be able to extract as many proteins as possible from substances. Most common is milk from cows. (3)Dairy animals could produce “humanized milk” by expressing proteins from human milk thru gm.(4)Urine is less chemically complex than milk, so easier to purify proteins.

4. More Benefits to GM Animals
Alter nutritional value of food
Human medical purposes
Pigs producing human hemoglobin & not expressing antigens
Eliminating animal diseases
(1)For example, get rid of unsaturated fat. (2) for blood transfusions and not expressing antigens recognized as foreign by the human body for transplants (3) CRISPR generated cows that are resistant to mastitis and tuberculosis, pigs for African swine fever and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome.

5. Risks of Animal GM Cannot eliminate all animal diseases
Lack of funding
Less than 0.1% of research grants from USDA go to GM animals
(1) dangerous for using animal organs in transplants; scientists don’t know much about pig viruses, making spread of pig virus potential epidemic. (2)government agencies refuse funding research on ge and gm of animals. USDA does not consider gm animals to be the best use of its funding. U.S. National Institute of Health supports research based on needs of community, excludes gm of animals.

6. Public Opinion Research study used online survey
Reduce pollution in agriculture
Improve organ transplant success in humans
Support dropped from 49% to 30% for organ transplants
Dropped from 66% to 20% for reducing pollution
(1)Science researchers at University of British Columbia conducted study that asked participants about their views on using pigs for research and both involved using gm of the pigs. (2) Typical concern being for the well-being of the animal.

7. Conclusion Scientifically advantageous Risks and lack of funding
Ethical concerns
(1)study did find people more apt to support gm of animals for medical research purposes rather than for food

8. Sources
Lamas-Toranzo, I., et al. “CRISPR is Knocking on Barn Door.” Reproduction in Domestic
Animals, vol. 52, 2017, pp
Maxmen, Amy. “Politics Holds Back Animal Engineers.” Nature, vol. 490, no. 7420, 2012, pp.
318-9.
Omoto, Charlotte K., and Paul F. Lurquin. Genes and DNA A Beginner’s Guide to Genetics and
Its Applications. Columbia University Press, 2012.
Schuppli, Catherine A., and Daniel M. Weary. “Attitudes Towards the use of Genetically
Modified Animals in Research.” Public Understanding of Science, vol. 19, no. 6, 2010,
pp. 686.