1. Spanish Colonization of the New World

2. Factors Motivating the Spanish
WEALTH
POWER & GLORY
EXPAND BOUNDARIES
SPREAD RELIGION

3. Treaty of Tordesillas - 1494
Settled dispute of claims to the lands discovered in the New World between Spain and Portugal.
Spain got everything to the West of the line, thus giving them a strong claim in the new world
Portugal was angry and renegotiated the original treaty- colonize only parts of Brazil

4. Spanish Exploration Columbus Balboa Cortes Pizarro De Leon De Soto
Coronado
Vespucci

5. The Conquistadors
Spanish soldiers who came to the New World to help conquer and settle the Americas for Spain. Some of their methods were harsh and brutal especially to the Native American population.
Hernan Cortes
Conquers Aztecs – 1521
Francisco Pissarro
Conquers Incas

6. Spanish Claims Caribbean Islands (Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, etc.)
parts of South America
Mexico and Central America
Florida and the southwestern United States
“New Spain”

7. Spanish Missions The Catholic faith was strongly supported by Spain
The first Spanish settlements were established as Roman Catholic missions, fortified churches where Native Americans worked to make a profit for the Spanish.
Examples: St. Augustine (oldest city in the U.S) and Santa Fe
These missions helped the Spanish to hold onto their claims which they wanted for economic reasons.
However, many Spanish missionaries also converted the native people, or convinced them to change their beliefs.
Most conquistadors traveled with a priest.

8. Mercantilism
The goal of these settlements as from Spain to make money from their colonies so they practiced mercantilism.
Mercantilism was an economic policy by which the mother country tried to gain as much gold and silver as possible through trade with their colonies.
By importing the natural resources that were plentiful in the New World and by exporting goods from the mother country to the colonies, they hoped to become economically stronger than their European rivals.

9. The Spanish Economy
Established plantations, large farms, on Caribbean islands
Grew sugarcane, tobacco, coffee,indigo, cocoa, cotton, and other crops 
Most wealth came from Silver & Gold mines in Central and South America
Tons of silver found in Bolivia- More silver was mined over the next hundred years, than had existed in all of Europe up to that time
Both required manual labor= need for slaves

10. The Encomienda System
1. Spanish practice of securing an adequate and cheap labor supply = FEUDALISM
“granted” to deserving subjects of the King
2. Conquistador controlled Indian populations
Required Indians to pay tribute from their lands
Indians often rendered personal services as well.
3. In return the conquistador was obligated to
protect his wards
instruct them in the Christian faith
defend their right to use the to live off the land
4. Encomienda system eventually decimated Indian population.
5. The King prevented the encomienda with the New Laws (1542) and the system gradually died out.

12. The Colonial Class System
Peninsulares European (Spanish) Born
Creoles European Ancestry Born in the New World
Mestizos European and Indian mixture
Mulattos European and African mixture
Native Indians
African Slaves

13. Bartolome de las Casas Catholic priest
Believed Native Americans had been treated harshly by the Spanish and spoke out against it
Believed the natives could be educated and converted to Christianized.
Believed Indian culture was advanced as European but in different ways.
Helped get rid of the encomienda system

14. The Decline of Spain’s Power
Inflation caused by imported gold and silver
Defeat of the Spanish Armada by the British (1588)
Revolutions to overthrow Spanish control because of rigid social system