1. Chapter 8.5 A Time of Crisis 1300-1400’s
Bubonic Plague
Upheaval in the Church
100 (116) Years War
Pope Clement V
John Wycliffe

2. What were 4 ways the Bubonic Plague impacted Europe?
Focus Q: Thursday, 10/27
What were 4 ways the Bubonic Plague impacted Europe?
See 8.5 worksheet or page 270 “Normal Life Breaks Down”

3. Focus Q: 10/25 “Black Death: A Global Epidemic” 3 bullet point notes
1 sentence summary

4. What we’ll learn…..
Why?
About the Black Death….
The Church in crisis….it splits…then heals
Eng and FR scrap for about 100 yrs….
33% of Europeans died to Bubonic Plague.
Eng loses and forgets about conquering Europe—explores overseas.

5. Objective: to learn about…..
Black Death or Bubonic Plague
The Church in crisis….it splits…then heals
The 100 Years War btwn FR and BR

6. This is important b/c……
33% of Europeans died to Bubonic Plague--many changes in European society b/c of the plague
Future challenges to the Church will lead to an important split or schism
Eng loses and forgets about conquering Europe—explores overseas.

7. British Empire

8. End of the World? crop failure brought famine and starvation
Plague and war killed millions
Still, the 1400s mark the end of the Middle Ages and beginning of the early modern era….Renaissance… Reformation…Age of Exploration

9. The Famine of
By 1300 Europeans were farming almost all the land they could cultivate.
A population crisis developed.
Climate changes in Europe produced three years of crop failures between because of excessive rain.
As many as 15% of the peasants in some English villages died.
One consequence of starvation & poverty was susceptibility to disease.

10. Black Death: Global Epidemic 1347-1353
***the plague killed 1/3 of Europeans, over 25 million people***
Probably began in China—was spread by traders—killed 35 M in China
Caused by bacteria on the fleas of rats
Strangely, rats were common—in ships, towns, houses of the wealthy

11. 1347: Plague Reaches Constantinople!

14. The Culprits

15. The Disease Cycle Bacteria multiply in
flea’s gut.
Flea drinks rat blood that carries the bacteria.
Human is infected!
Flea bites human and regurgitates blood into human wound.
Flea’s gut clogged with bacteria.

16. ***EPIDEMIC—outbreak of rapidly spreading disease***
Black Death
w/in hours, victims develop EGG-SIZED LUMPS under their arms or groin
Fever, vomiting, black spots from internal bleeding follow
When you spit blood, death is certain
***EPIDEMIC—outbreak of rapidly spreading disease***

17. Septicemic Form: almost 100% mortality rate.
The Symptoms
Bulbous
Septicemic Form: almost 100% mortality rate.

18. From the Toggenburg Bible, 1411
Art
Imitating
life

19. Normal Life Breaks Down
People turn to magic, witchcraft for cures
Turn to wild pleasures, gonna die anyway
Plague was God’s punishment
Some fled cities or hid in their homes
Some Christians blames Jews, lepers, other minorities thousands were killed. Many burned alive.
***Write down 2 of these***

20. The Economy Suffers
With some many dead, survivors demanded higher wages, which leads to…
***labor costs soar Inflation Landowners convert farmland to pasture—need less labor***
3. But guilds limit opportunity in cities
4. Peasants revolt—100 years b/f Europe fully recovers

21. Upheaval in the Church Late middle ages brought: Spiritual crisis
Scandal and
Divisions to the Roman Catholic Church
The Church couldn’t provide leadership in difficult times (plague, etc.)

22. The Church Splits
***1309, Pope Clement V moves papal court to Avignon, France—for 70 yrs.—power of the papacy declines***
Popes reigned over lavish courts
Anticlerical sentiment grew against this pleasure-loving, partying papacy
1378 reformers elect their own pope from Rome

23. The Church Splits
For decades, there was a split or schism (GSSW) in the Church
Sometimes 3 popes claimed to head of the Church
1417, church council in Germany gets rid of all 3 and appoints a compromise candidate—Pope Martin V
Papacy returns to Rome

24. Quotes to ponder……hmmmmm
A woman's mind is cleaner than a man's: She changes it more often.
I'm sorry, if you were right, I'd agree with you.  Robin Williams
If you could kick the person in the pants responsible for most of your trouble, you wouldn't sit for a month. Theodore Roosevelt

25. The Hundred (and 16) Years’ War
In addition to plague, famine, economic decline………
Btwn 1337 and 1453, England and France fight a series of conflicts called the Hundred Years’ War

27. After the war

28. French and English Rivalry Grows
English rulers want to hold onto French lands
FR rulers want to extend their power in FR
Both want control of the English Channel
Both want control of trade in the region
Once it began, economic rivalry and national pride made it hard to quit

29. English Win Early Victories
1. They owe their victories at Crecy (1346), Poitiers (1356), and Agincourt (1415) to the longbow
Longbow archers could fire 3 arrows in the time the French could fire 1 from a crossbow
Longbow arrows could pierce all but the heaviest armor

30. Longbows
6 feet high, 2 sheaths of 24 arrows
Range of 300 meters

31. Joan of Arc Fights for France
1429—17 yr. old peasant girl—tells Charles VII that God sent her to save France
She inspires the battered troops
One year wins several battles, lays the groundwork for others
Taken captive, tried for witchcraft, burned at the stake
Much later, the Church declares her a saint

32. Joan of Arc Fights for France
French troops see her as a martyr
….a new weapon, the cannon, they attack English castles
By 1453, only Calais, in NW France is in English hands—see the map p. 271

33. Could fire stone balls 1 mile

35. Impact of the 100 Years’ War
Created a growing sense of national identity in France
***French Kings expand their power***
**Power in English govt. begins to swing toward Parliament** (they win the “power of the purse”)

36. Impact of the 100 Years’ War
***English rulers turn to overseas exploration, trading***
**Castles and knights are doomed b/c of new weapons**—longbow, cannons
Monarchs need large armies, not feudal vassals—turn increasingly to mercenaries

37. Ch. 8 creative side
Draw 1 picture w/ a caption to show the cause of the Black Death and
at least 3 pictures w/ captions showing the effects of Bubonic Plague.