1. Biological agents that might be used as weapons of Bioterrorism
Example of Anthrax: Bacillus anthracis
Ramatoulaye BARRY
M2 AREIPS
November 15th 2016

2. TABLE OF CONTENTS I- Bioterrorism II- Regulation
1- Overview
2- Categorisation
II- Regulation
1- In Europe : Guidance document on use of medicinal products for the treatment and
prophylaxis of biological agents that might be used as weapons of bioterrorism
2- In USA : The Bioterrorism Act
III- Example of Anthrax
2- Context
3- Recommendations
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3. I- BIOTERRORISM
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4. in people, animals, or plants
1- Overview
A bioterrorism attack is the deliberate release of viruses, bacteria, or other germs used to cause illness or death
in people, animals, or plants
Biological agents :
found in nature
spread through the air, through water, or in food
could be changed
extremely difficult to detect
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5. 2- Categorisation Three categories, depending on: Two classifications:
How easily they can be spread
The severity of illness they cause
Two classifications:
The EMA Categorisation
The CDC Categorisation
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6. 2- Categorisation
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention CDC = the leading national public health institute of the United States ☛ To protect public health and safety through the control and prevention of disease
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7. 2- Categorisation CDC Categorisation Category A: The highest priority
easily spread or transmitted
high death rates
public panic
special action for public health preparedness
Examples: Anthrax and Smallpox virus
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8. 2- Categorisation CDC Categories Category B: The 2nd highest priority
moderately easy to spread
moderate illness rates and low death rates
specific enhancements of CDC's laboratory capacity
and enhanced disease monitoring
Example: Brucellosis
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9. 2- Categorisation CDC Categories Category C: The 3rd highest priority
Emerging pathogens
easily available
easily produced and spread
high morbidity and mortality rates and major health impact
Example: H1N1
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10. II- REGULATION
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11. 1- In Europe Guidance document on use of medicinal products
for the treatment and prophylaxis of biological agents
that might be used as weapons of bioterrorism
= a guidance document on the use of medicinal products for treatment and prophylaxis of biological agents that might be used as weapons of bioterrorism
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12. 2- In the US
The Public Health Security and Bioterrorism Preparedness and Response Act of 2002:
the Bioterrorism Act
The events of Sept. 11, 2001: need to enhance the security of the United States
Signed by President BUSH into law June 12, 2002
Divided into 5 titles :
Title I: National Preparedness for Bioterrorism and Other Public Health Emergencies
Title II: Enhancing Controls on Dangerous Biological Agents and Toxins
Title III: Protecting Safety and Security of Food and Drug Supply
Title IV: Drinking Water Security and Safety
Title V: Additional Provisions
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13. III- Example of Anthrax
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14. 1- Overview
A serious infectious disease Gram-positive, rod-shaped bacteria : Bacillus anthracis
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15. 1- Overview
Different types of Anthrax: All type of Anthrax can cause death
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16. Focus on Inhalation Anthrax
1- Overview
Focus on Inhalation Anthrax
Symptoms
Fever
Chills
Drenching sweats
Profound fatigue
Minimally productive cough
Nausea or vomiting
Chest discomfort
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17. The 2001 Anthrax attacks/ Amerithrax
2- Context
The 2001 Anthrax attacks/ Amerithrax 
Concentrated anthrax spores were used for bioterrorism 
in the United States
Delivered by mailing postal letters
containing the spores
One week after the September 11 attacks
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18. 3- Recommendations EU Guidance on the use of medicines
for the treatment and prevention of biological agents
Ciprofloxacine :
First line treatment 

First line prophylaxis  
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19. 3- Recommendations Treatment Prophylaxis
Ciprofloxaxine : 400 mg iv twice daily
followed by 500 mg orally twice daily
Duration : 60 days
Prophylaxis
Ciprofloxacine: 500 mg orally twice daily
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20. To conclude
Bioterrorism: A concerning threat In Europe: Difficulty to harmonise advices
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21. Thank you !
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22. Bibliography
mid=WC0b01ac a5 WC pdf
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