1. European Nationalism

2. E.Q. 2: How did nationalism affect Europe?
Key Terms: German Confederation, Otto von Bismarck, Wilhelm I, Kaiser, Second Reich, Balkan nationalism, Young Turks

3. Nationalism—extreme pride in one’s culture and ethnicity
Resulted in causing groups of similar races and ethnicities to push for political unification and the creation of new countries
Other areas were impacted by violence and rebellions

4. Germany
After Napoleon conquered most of Europe, the German kingdoms making up the Holy Roman Empire were affected by a strong sense of nationalism
After Napoleon was defeated, the German Confederation was created, composed of 38 kingdoms and provinces with Austria and Prussia being the most powerful

6. The push for uniting the German lands was led by Prussia
Otto von Bismarck, “the Iron Chancellor”, prime minister of Prussia
practiced realpolitik—goal to unify Germany under Prussia rule
Bismarck started three wars to eliminate Austria from the German Confederation and to get the support of the other (smaller) kingdoms fearful of Prussian dominance

8. Wars of German Unification
The wars that Prussia fought were against Denmark, Austria, and France
Each war helped to increase the sense of German pride and nationalism
The final war, the Franco-Prussian War , humiliated France
Had to pay reparations
Had to give up territory along the French/Prussian border, Alsace-Lorraine
France would be eager for revenge for many decades

10. Germany United
The Franco-Prussian War also succeeded in gaining the support of all German people
In 1871, Germany was united under the rule of Prussian king who became Kaiser Wilhelm I
Kaiser=German for “emperor”

11. The German Empire began increasing its industrial output, esp
The German Empire began increasing its industrial output, esp. in weaponry and railroads, emerging as a powerful nation
The Second Reich, Second German Empire, was established (First Reich was HRE)