1. Enlightenment Bellwork
What does the famous phrase “Life, Liberty, and the Pursuit of Happiness” mean to you?
Opinion
What does the following quote mean to you?
“All things must be examined, debated, investigated without exception and without regard for anyone’s feelings” Diderot

2. Objective
WWBAT: Summarize the thoughts of famous Enlightenment thinkers.
WWBAT: Analyze the quotes of these thinkers.

3. Interactive Notebook Set Up
2/29/2016
Philosphes Tweets
This will be on 2 pages.

4. Background
Hobbes
Locke
Montesquieu
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5. Voltaire
Rousseau
Smith
Wollstonecraft
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7. What was it?
The Enlightenment was an 18th century philosophical movement that used the scientific method to explain and improve society.

8. Background
Deism taught a believe in God based on rationality and natural observation
Not divine intervention or revelations
Universalism/Unitarianism taught that all people could and would be saved
These both went against a common belief of the time, predestination
Deism and Universalism/Unitarianism were both very liberal branches of Christianity

9. Deism

10. Background
The Enlightenment stressed that Reason could cure mankind of all past injustices
Through reason man could discover the Natural Laws that regulated society
Once that is done man can reach Progress that would guarantee human betterment

11. Background
The intellectuals who adopted this position were called Philosophes
The philosophes were social critics, publicists, political scientists, economists, and social reformers
Their ideas would influenced the beliefs of the founding fathers

12. Background They attacked laws, institutions, and practices
Everything that they considered to be unreasonable or unnatural
The Philosophes believed that the people had the capability to make changes that would make life better
Their view of the future was generally bright

13. What To Do
I will be providing some background info on some important Philosophes
You are to summarize the thoughts of each Philosophe into a Tweet or Tweets
This means you have 140 characters to summarize their thoughts!

14. Thomas Hobbes

15. Thomas Hobbes Believed in the social contract
People should give up individual liberties in return for social order
The natural condition of humans is one of continuous conflict and competition
Supporter of absolute monarchy
The monarchy would help to keep social order

16. Thomas Hobbes Believed anarchy to be a state of nature.
Wrote Leviathan (1651)
Leviathan or The Matter, Forme and Power of a Common Wealth Ecclesiasticall and Civil
Said life is “solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short”.

18. John Locke

19. John Locke Believed in individual rights – Life – Liberty – Property
People would not and could not willingly surrender their fundamental natural rights.

20. John Locke
Government existed to protect those rights, & if they didn’t, it should be overthrown.
Rebellion is the right of the people because people have the gift of reason
Supporter of Democracy
Wrote Two Treatises on Government

22. Baron de Montesquieu

23. Baron de Montesquieu Division of power into 3 branches Executive
Legislative
Judicial
His idea of checks and balances would influence the U.S. Constitution

24. Baron de Montesquieu Saw humans life as a comedy and satire
Climate and Circumstances determine the form of governments
Published The Spirit of the Laws (1748)

26. Voltaire
(Francois Marie Arouet)

27. Voltaire Strong supporter of Freedom of Speech, Thought, & Religion
Humans are liars, traitors, ingrates, thieves, misers, killers, fanatics, hypocrites, fools and so on. Yet, it’s normal.
Believed Governments should ensure personal freedoms

28. Voltaire
Satirist who wrote about the French Monarchy, the nobility, and the church
Wrote Candide & Philosophical Letters
Hated the Church, injustice, and prejudice
Imprisoned twice in France for his views

30. Jean-Jacques Rousseau

31. Jean-Jacques Rousseau
Believed in Popular Sovereignty
sovereign power is vested in the people
Argued people are naturally good, but society corrupts them through environment, education and laws.
Opposed strong government.

32. Jean-Jacques Rousseau
Government created and controlled by the people.
Did not trust reason, believing that it brought corruption and misery.
Published The Social Contract (1762)

34. Adam Smith

35. Adam Smith Government should allow economic liberty,
Called laissez-faire.
Shouldn’t control economy
He greatly opposed many of the principles of Mercantilism

36. Adam Smith Free trade, Market economy, Supply and demand
Believed in Self interest, Competition, and Everyone is selfish
Wrote The Wealth of Nations (1776)

38. Mary Wollstonecraft

39. Mary Wollstonecraft Early spokesperson for Women’s Rights
Argued the ideals of equality should be extended to women as well as men.
Governments should extend political rights to women as well

40. Mary Wollstonecraft
Women should also enjoy educational freedoms as well
Wrote A Vindication of the Rights of Woman (1792)

42. Identify who said it and what it means!
“Power should be in check of Power.”

43. Identify who said it and what it means!
“Man is born free, and everywhere he is in chains.

44. Identify who said it and what it means!
“Let women share the rights and she will emulate the virtues of men.”

45. Identify who said it and what it means!
“The action of men are the best interpreters of their thoughts.”

46. Identify who said it and what it means!
“No complaint ... is more common than that of a scarcity of money.”

47. Identify who said it and what it means!
“The condition of man... is a condition of war of everyone against everyone.”

48. Identify who said it and what it means!
“It is dangerous to be right in matters on which the established authorities are wrong.”

49. Identify who said it and what it means!
“Power should be in check of Power.”
Montesquieu

50. Identify who said it and what it means!
“Man is born free, and everywhere he is in chains.
Rousseau

51. Identify who said it and what it means!
“Let women share the rights and she will emulate the virtues of men.”
Mary W.

52. Identify who said it and what it means!
“The action of men are the best interpreters of their thoughts.”
Locke

53. Identify who said it and what it means!
“No complaint ... is more common than that of a scarcity of money.”
Smith

54. Identify who said it and what it means!
“The condition of man... is a condition of war of everyone against everyone.”
Hobbes

55. Identify who said it and what it means!
“It is dangerous to be right in matters on which the established authorities are wrong.”
Voltaire

56. Some other Quotes from Voltaire
“Life is a shipwreck but we must not forget to sing in the lifeboats.”

57. Some other Quotes from Voltaire
““It is forbidden to kill; therefore all murderers are punished unless they kill in large numbers and to the sound of trumpets.”

58. Some other Quotes from Voltaire
“I have never made but one prayer to God, a very short one: "O Lord make my enemies ridiculous." And God granted it.”

59. Some other Quotes from Voltaire
“I do not agree with what you have to say, but I'll defend to the death your right to say it.”

60. Some other Quotes from Voltaire
“History is only the register of crimes and misfortunes.”

61. Some other Quotes from Voltaire
“Every man is guilty of all the good he did not do.”

62. Some other Quotes from Voltaire
“No snowflake in an avalanche ever feels responsible.”

63. Some other Quotes from Voltaire
“Let us read and let us dance - two amusements that will never do any harm to the world.”

64. Some other Quotes from Voltaire
“God is a comedian, playing to an audience too afraid to laugh.”

65. Philosophe Bellwork
Which philosophe came up with each of the below ideas?
Social Contract
Hobbes
Checks and balances
Montesquieu
Life, Liberty, and Property
Locke

66. Objective
WWBAT: Summarize the thoughts of famous Enlightenment thinkers.
WWBAT: Analyze the quotes of these thinkers.

67. Philosophe Wrap Up Bellwork
Mary Wollstonecraft was an early spokesperson for_______________
Women’s Rights
Adam Smith felt the __________ should not be involved in economy
Government
Which Philosophe said people were born good, but corrupted by society?
Rousseau