1. Evidence Based Practice & Research in Nursing
University of Tabuk
Dr. Jay Qais Nantin Ablao
Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences Department of Nursing
Evidence Based Practice & Research in Nursing
Level 8, Academic Year (AY) 1434—1435 H

2. Theoretical Framework

3. What is a theory?
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4. Department of Nursing

5. Theory Speculation Never considered true
Explains phenomena and its relationship
Requires further development
Helps in prediction and control of phenomena
Gives direction

6. Theory Guides and directs practice, education and research
Improves analytical skills, clarifies values, assumptions and accuracy of decisions.

7. Characteristics of Theory
1. Consist of set of concepts: building block of a theory. Categorized as abstract concept and concrete concept.

8. Concrete Concept Abstract Concept Vital Signs Nursing Process
Statistics
Caring
Hope
Happiness
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9. Characteristic of Theory
2. Consist of propositions, each of which indicates relationship between concepts.
- a theory must provide a mechanism for logically arriving at raw statements derived from the original propositions.

10. Characteristic of Theory
3. A theory is represented by Conceptual Paradigm and Conceptual Models
Conceptual Paradigm – visual presentation of relationship of variables as perceived by the researcher prior to empirical testing.

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12. Characteristic of Theory
4. Purposely created and formulated. Researcher integrates and merges facts to make a holistic viewpoint and creating a theory.

13. Characteristic of Theory
5. Tentative and subject to change. Knowledge is never absolute, changes occur as research continuous to provide explanations.

14. Characteristic of Theory
6. New theories enhance existing knowledge.

15. Characteristic of Theory
7. Explains the basis of the problem that allows researcher to formulate the research design and select tools.

16. Purpose of Conceptual/Theoretical Framework
Justify rationale
Give reason for searching new data and for analyzing, interpreting and synthesizing data
Cite theory to establish relationship among variables

17. Construction of Conceptual Paradigm
Lines, dots
Basic shapes, arrows
Properly labeled with textual explanation
Short and simple

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19. Types of Models:
Conceptual Models – less concrete and more abstract than a theory.
Formulate in the mind that actually exists which consists of patterns and standards.
Unit from which the theory is made.

20. Career Planning, Training, and Development Retirement Planning
Self-Realization
Career Planning, Training, and Development
Retirement Planning
Esteem and Self-Respect Needs
Performance Management and Merit system
Work or praise in the presence of others Needs
Nursing Nights, Membership to Clubs,
Team Building Program
Acceptance, friendship
Social
Safety and security Needs
Stress Management program, Health Nurse-Patient Ratio
Physiological Needs
Wage/Compensation and Benefits Program
Retention and Motivational Strategies

21. Types of Models
B. Theoretical model – represent the real world expressed in language or mathematical symbols.
Provides visualization of reality and simplify thinking but are not directly observable.
Consists of integrated set of defined concepts, relational statements that presents a view of phenomena used to describe, predict and control

22. Nutrition Nursing Care Model for Counseling Women about self-care
Exercise
Self Care
Sexuality issues
Stress Management
Hormone replacement
therapy
Stop smoking
Limit alcohol
Self examination
Nursing Care Model for Counseling Women about self-care

23. Why is theory important in nursing practice?
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24. Importance of Theory to Nursing Practice
As basis of nursing practice, theory describes, predicts, controls and explains phenomena of interest to nurses.
It validates, enhances, and improves nursing practice.

25. Importance of Theory to Nursing Practice
It is intrinsic to practice and practice continues to validate theory, hence, theory and practice are integral to each other.
It promotes understanding and explanation of phenomena and gives rise to a body of knowledge

26. Definition of Terms
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27. Have you read a book and cannot seem to move to the next page?
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28. Definition of Terms
Facilitates understanding of the study by defining the terms or variables according to their contextual use.

29. Reasons for defining the Variables:
To guide and direct the researcher in quantifying and qualifying the variables.
b. To ensure clarity of the meaning of the variables and minimize the reader’s misconceptions

30. Denotative Definition
Types of Definition
Conceptual
Definition
Operational
Denotative Definition
Connotative
Lexical Definition
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31. Conceptual Definition
Meaning
Universal definition understood by people
Source
Dictionary, related literature, authoritative
Example
Motivation – something that causes a person to act (Webster:2004)
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32. Denotative Definition
Types of Definition
Conceptual
Definition
Operational
Denotative Definition
Connotative
Lexical Definition
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33. Operational Definition
Meaning
Researcher’s own definition of terms used in the study
Source
Related literature, research studies, established theories
Example
Motivation – the ability of the nurse on duty to accomplish her tasks on time.
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34. Conceptual Definition Operational Definition
Variable
Conceptual Definition
Operational Definition
Professional
An individual who practices a particular profession
Any individual with 4 years of college education
Introversion
Self-directed interest
Tendency of a student to isolate from the group
Courtesy
Politeness
Use of polite words and expressions when greeting elders and authorities
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35. Denotative Definition
Operational
Definition
Denotative Definition
Connotative
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36. Denotative Definition – defined terms of what the concept is or what it represents.
Ex. Father – a male parent
Nurse – one who cares for people

37. Denotative Definition
Operational
Definition
Denotative Definition
Connotative
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38. Connotative Definitions – defined according to implications or associations. Suggests what one might think when considering the term.
Ex. Father – strong, provider, head of the family
Nurse – warm, gentle mannered, health provider

39. Denotative Definition
Types of Definition
Conceptual
Definition
Operational
Denotative Definition
Connotative
Lexical Definition
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40. Definitions taken from authorities on the subjects
Lexical Definition
Meaning
Definitions taken from authorities on the subjects
Source
Previous researches
Example
Morale – according to Keith, is a state of well-being that elevates the spirit
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41. Curriculum & Course Development Committee
References
Sherman, R. O. & Eggenberger, T. (2008). Transitioning internationally recruited nurses into clinical settings. Journal of Continuing Education in Nursing, 39(12),
Tombaugh, J. Mayfield, C., & Durand, R. (2011). Spiritual expression at work: exploring the active voice of workplace spirituality. Retrieved from
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Curriculum & Course Development Committee
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