1.  MITOSIS & CYTOKINESIS
*centrioles – cylindrical shaped structures that make the spindle fibers
*spindle fibers – cell structures that are made of microtubules and are involved in moving the chromosomes during cell division
*Animal cells have 1 pair of centrioles.
*Plant cells do not have centrioles, but they form a spindle that is almost identical to that of an animal cell.

2. Interphase: The cell is engaged in metabolic activity and
preparing itself for mitosis. Chromosomes are not
clearly visible. The DNA is copied during the
Synthesis phase.

3. MITOSIS: Prophase: Chromosomes coil up and become visible
centromere
chromatid
MITOSIS:
Prophase:
Chromosomes coil up and become visible
during prophase. The nuclear envelope
dissolves and spindles form.

4. Metaphase:
During metaphase the chromosomes move to
the center of the cell and line up along the
equator. Spindle fibers link the chromatids of
each chromosome to opposite poles.

5. Anaphase:
Centromeres divide during anaphase. The two
chromatids (now called chromosomes) move
toward opposite poles as the spindle fibers
attached to them shorten.

6. Telophase:
A nuclear envelope forms around the
chromosomes at each pole. Chromosomes,
now at opposite poles, uncoil and the spindles
dissolves. The spindle fibers break down and
disappear. Mitosis is complete.

7. CYTOKINESIS: As mitosis ends, cytokinesis begins.
*In animal cells, the cytoplasm of the cell is divided in half, and the cell membrane grows to enclose each cell, forming two separate cells. The cell is pinched in half by a belt of protein threads.

8. *In plant cells vesicles formed by the Golgi apparatus fuse at the midline of the dividing cell and form a cell plate. A cell plate is a membrane-bound cell wall that forms cross the middle of the plant cell. A new cell wall then forms on both sides of the cell plate. When complete, the cell plate separates the plant cell into two new plant cells

9. Animal vs. Plant Cell
Belt of Proteins
Cell Plate

10. Mitosis & Cytokinesis Plant Cell Animal Cell Inter Pro Telo Inter Pro
Meta
Ana
Telo
Ana
Meta
Animal Cell

11. Comparing Mitosis in Animal & Plant Cell

12. Mitosis in Onion Root Tips
Interphase
Early Prophase
Late Prophase
Metaphase
Early Anaphase
Late Anaphase
Telophase
Cytokinesis

13. Diploid: 2 sets of chromosomes (2n)