2. Environmental Interrelationships
Chapter 2

3. ____________
In 1935 he became one of
the first individuals to provide a formalized,
contemporary description of ___________.
He emphasized the importance of flows of energy and nutrients through communities.

4. Interrelated Nature Environmental Problems
Environment is everything that __________
________________________________.

5. An Ecosystem Approach
Ecosystem - _______________________________
______________________________________________________________________. .
The task of an Environmental Scientist is to recognize and understand natural interactions that take place, and then integrate these with the uses humans must make of the natural world.

6. ____________ is fundamental to human welfare and economic development and plays a critical role in meeting human needs by maintaining the ecological processes upon which our survival depends

7. The Field of Environmental Science
Environmental Science is interdisciplinary, and includes applied and theoretical aspects of human impacts on the world.
A mixture of _____________, _________________
_____________, and _________________. .

8. Interrelated Nature Environmental Problems
Most social and political decisions are made with respect to political jurisdictions.
Environmental problems ________
____________________________.
Forest fires in Mexico affecting air quality in Texas.
Air pollutants from U.S. causing acid rain in Canada.
Turkish Syrian forest fires caused by the civil war in Syria

9. Interrelated Nature Environmental Problems
International agencies such as the International Joint Commission have major bearing on environmental quality over broad regions.
For Instance:
Established in 1909, in part, to _________
___________________________________________________________

10. Interrelated Nature Environmental Problems
____________- First worldwide meeting of 178 heads of state directed towards the environment. It took place at the Earth Summit (United Nations Conference on Environment and Development) in _______
_______________________.
Most countries have also signed agreements on sustainable development and biodiversity.

11. Interrelated Nature Environmental Problems
In________, representatives from 125 nations met in_______, Japan for the Third Conference of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change.
Kyoto protocol is viewed as one of the most important steps to date in environmental protection and diplomatic diplomacy.

12. Its important to add that the scientific community ___________ governments that are involved in these summits however they __________ that the policies be adopted.

13. Regional Environmental Concerns
Unfortunately, most regions tend to focus on specific, ____________ that apply directly to them.
However many Environmental issues are _________, not _________.

14. Regions of North America

15. Wilderness North
Much of Alaska and Northern Canada can be characterized as “wilderness” - _______________
_____________________________________.
Much of this land is owned by _________, thus governmental policies have a large effect.

16. Wilderness North
These areas have important economic values in their trees, animals, scenery, and other natural resources.
Resource exploitation involves significant trade offs as these ecosystems are ____
_________________________ damage caused by exploitation.
Many short-term political and economic decisions have failed to look at long-term environmental implications.

17. Wilderness North
Native peoples in this area are sensitive to changes in land use or government policy that would force changes in traditional ways of life.
Increasingly sophisticated in negotiations.

18. Agricultural Middle
Middle of North America is dominated by intensive ______________.
Original, natural ecosystems have been ________________________.

19. Agricultural Middle
Tremendous economic value.
Mostly private land - large economic risks.
Major ______________________ source.
Soil erosion and groundwater contamination.
Fertilizers and Pesticides

20. Dry West Characterized by areas where ______________
___________________________, but adequate enough to allow livestock production.
Because much of western U.S. is of low economic value, most is still
controlled by the
U.S. government.
Encourages use by
providing cheap
water for livestock and irrigation, cheap grazing fees, and access for industrial development.

21. Dry West
As cities grow, conflict arises between ____
_________________________________.
Increased demand will result in shortages and resulting trade-off decisions.
Low population density areas tend towards wilderness character.
Economic __________ vs. ________ preservation.

22. Forested West
Coastal and mountainous regions of western United States and Canada receive _______
_________________________________ to dominate the landscape.
Government and commercial timber companies own large sections of land.
Historically, much of this timber has been sold at a loss.

23. Forested West
In 1993, USFS was directed to stop below-cost timber sales.
Timber officials claim access to public land is necessary to remain in business and support the economy; conservationists argue ecological and intangible values outweigh economic values.
___________________has become a symbol of conflict between logging and preservation.

24. Great Lakes and Industrial Northeast
Great Lakes and Northeast are dominated by __________________________ with large, complex resource demands.
Many older cities have declined, leaving behind abandoned sites and environmental problems.

25. Great Lakes and Industrial Northeast
One of the greatest problems is __________
_____________________.
________________ in food chain.
Fish Advisories

26. The Diverse South
_______________ of all other regions.
Extremely rapid population growth in some areas such as coastal regions.
Pockets of extreme poverty.